Coffee Bean Inc.

Coffee Bean, Inc. (CBI), is a processor and distributor of a variety of blends of coffee. The company buys coffee beans from around the world and roasts, blends, and packages them for resale. CBI currently has 40 different coffees that it sells to gourmet shops in one-pound bags. The major cost of the coffee is raw materials. However, the company’s predominately automated roasting, blending, and packing process requires a substantial amount of manufacturing overhead.The company uses relatively little direct labor. Some of CBI’s coffees are very popular and sell in large volumes, while a few of the newer blends have very low volumes. CBI prices its coffee at manufacturing cost plus a markup of 30%. If CBI’s prices for certain coffees are significantly higher than market, adjustments are made to bring CBI’s prices more into alignment with the market since customers are somewhat price conscious.For the coming year, CBI’s budget includes estimated manuf acturing overhead cost of $3,000,000. CBI assigns manufacturing overhead to products on the basis of direct labor-hours. The expected direct labor cost totals $600,000, which represents 50,000 hours of direct labor time. Based on the sales budget and expected raw materials costs, the company will purchase and use $6,000,000 of raw materials (mostly coffee beans) during the year.The expected costs for direct materials and direct labor for one-pound bags of two of the company’s coffee products appear below: |   | |   | |Mona Loa | |Malaysian | | | |Direct materials | |$ 4. 0 | |$ 3. 20 | | | |Direct labor | |0. 30 | |0. 30 | | | CBI’s controller believes that the company’s traditional costing system may be providing misleding cost information.To determine whether or not this is correct, the controller has prepared an analysis of the year’s expected manufacturing overhead costs, as shown in the following table: |Activity Cost Pool | |Activity Meas ure | |Expected Activity for the Year | |Expected Cost for the Year | | | |Purchasing | |Purchase orders | |1,710 orders | |$513,000 | | | |Materials handling | |# of Setups | |1,800 setups | |720,000 | | | |Quality control | |# of Batches | |600 batches | |144,000 | | | |Roasting | |Roasting-hours | |96,100 roasting hours |961,000 | | | |Blending | |Blending-hours | |33,600 blending hours | |402,000 | | | |Packaging | |Packaging-hours | |26,000 packaging hours | |260,000 | | | |Total manufacturing overhead cost | |$3,000,000 | | | Data regarding the expected production of Mona Loa and Malaysian coffee are presented below.    | |  Ã‚   | |   | |Mona Loa   | |   | |Malaysian | | | |Expected sales   | |   | |100,000 pounds | | | |2,000 pounds | | |Batch size   | |   | |10,000 pounds | | | |500 pounds | | | |Setups | |3 per batch | |3 per batch | | | |Purchase order size   | |   | |20,000 pounds | | | |500 pounds | | | |Roasting time    per 100 pounds | |   | |1 hour | | | |1 hour | | | |Blending time   per 100 pounds | |   | |0. 5 hour | | | |0. hour | | | |Packaging time   per 100 pounds | |   | |0. 1 hour | | | |0. 1 hour | | | 1.Using the direct labor-hours as the base for assigning manufacturing overhead cost to products, do the following: a. Determine the predetermined overhead rate that will be used during the year. b. Determine the unit product cost of one pound of the Mona Loa coffee and one pound of the Malaysian coffee. 2. Using activity-based costing as the basis for assigning manufacturing overhead cost to products, do the following: a. Determine the total amount of manufacturing overhead cost assigned to the Mona Loa coffee and to the Malaysian coffee for the year. b. Using the data developed in 2(a), computer the amount of manufacturing overhead cost per pound of the Mona Loa coffee and the Malaysian coffee.Round all computations to the nearest whole cent. c. Determine the u nit product cost of one pound of the Mona Loa coffee and one pound of the Malaysian coffee. Write a brief memo to the president of CBI explaining what you have found in (1) and (2) above and discussing the implications to the company of using direct labor as the base for assigning manufacturing overhead cost to products. MEMORANDUM To:The president of CBI From: Date: Subject:the implications to the company of using direct labor as the base for assigning manufacturing overhead cost to products. 1) Per pound cost of the Mona Loa coffee and the Malaysian coffee as per traditional costing system is $ 6 and $ 5 respectively. ) The manufacturing overhead assigned to each pound of the Mona Loa coffee and the Malaysian coffee is same because the direct labour hours required for manufacturing each pound of coffee are same 3) Per pound cost of the Mona Loa coffee and the Malaysian coffee as per Activity based costing system is $ 4. 83 and $ 7. 15 respectively. 4) Following are the implication s to the company of using direct labor as the base for assigning manufacturing overhead cost to products: 1. Price determination under existing costing system (using direct labor as the base) is not accurate. Under activity based costing cost is calculated more accurately than existing product costing system. 2. Higher prices of popular product affect market adversely.As the customers are price conscious company can sell Mona Loa Coffee (which is more popular) at lower price and can increase its market share if the cost is calculated accurately. 3. As company uses relatively little direct labour, direct labour is not an appropriate basis for applying overheads to products. 4. By using activity based costing company can discontinue its non-profitable products or suggest appropriate price for those product 5) Activity based costing allocated indirect cost more accurately . It helps in reducing the cost by eliminating unwanted activities Helps in improving product and customer profitab ility. Activity based costing helps in forecasting and planning.

Jextra Case

Jextra Neighborhood Stores Case Analysis This report analyzes the ethical dilemma faced by Jextra’s country manager, Tom Chong, who was responsible for Neighbourhood Markets in Malaysia. Jextra Stores was a Hong Kong based company that operated retail stores in China, Hong Kong, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and Vietnam. In 2005, the company successfully entered Malaysia, operating supermarkets under the name of Neighborhood Markets (Inkpen, 2010). Jextra identified a promising site in Klang, near the capital of Kuala Lumpur, to open a new supermarket (Inkpen, 2010).Mr. Chong needs to evaluate a proposal made by the Mayor of Kang, which might be considered bribery. In this case, Mr. Chong faces social and ethical challenges that may affect the company’s operations, performance, and competitiveness in the region as well as Mr. Chong’s career. The major social issues include those related to law, culture, and ethics. The report also analyzes anti-brib ery corruption enacted by the U. K Bribery Act and the U. S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA).The report concludes with recommendations to Jextra such as seeking proper legal advice, implementing an effective business code of conduct, providing inter-cultural and ethics training to managers, using a geocentrism approach and conducting an internal investigation for the Malaysian category manager. Analysis Social, Ethical, or Legal Challenges International firms operating abroad often face social challenges because they operate in markets with different legal and political systems (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010, p. 111).Each country has a legal system that provides â€Å"the rules that regulate behavior, the processes by which laws are enforced, and the procedures used to resolve grievances† (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010, p. 111). In the case of Malaysia, the country relies on a dual legal system based on common law and theocratic law. English Common law is b ased on tradition and judicial precedents (stare decisis). This type of legal system is used in, among others, U. S. , U. K. , India, Canada, Hong Kong, Australia, and New Zealand (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010).Malaysia also relies on Muslim law (or Sharia), which is based on religious precepts and beliefs. Muslim law prevails in Turkey, Kuwait, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Iran, etc. (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010). In developing countries, such as Malaysia, foreign companies and managers, such as Mr. Chong, may encounter legal risks due to the legal framework and the effectiveness of the legal system (Ling & Hoang, 2010). In recent years, Malaysia has opened its market towards liberalization of trade and services and globalization (Tahir & Ismail, 2007).Like other emerging markets, such as Mexico, China, India, and Brazil, Malaysia represents an attractive market. However, MNEs are bound to face legal challenges in emerging markets because they have an inadequate commer cial infrastructure, weak legal system, and high-risk environment (Pearson, 2011a; Pearson, 2011b). For instance, Malaysian civil and commercial laws regarding business payments for social purposes are not clear. It is a common practice in Klang and Kuala Lumpur to make social contributions for community projects, such as schools and roads (Inkpen, 2010). Additional legal issues that Mr.Chong may face in Malaysia are the â€Å"insufficient legal infrastructure for enforcing legal judgment† and â€Å"uncertainty and unfairness of court justice† (Ling & Hoang, 2010, p. 157). In Malaysia, the regulations regarding foreign investment lack transparency (Inkpen, 2010) and there had been many cases of bribery involving public officials. Malaysia has a high tendency toward corruption, which refers to â€Å"the misuse of entrusted power for private gain† (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010, p. 191). According to the TI Corruption Perception Index (2010), Malaysia was r anked 4. on of a scale of 0 (more likely to pay bribe) to 10 (less like to pay bribe) (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010). Russia, People’s Republic of China and Italy precede Malaysia in terms of frequency and size of bribes (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010). Mr. Chong knows about recent cases of corporate bribery in Malaysia and in the retail industry. There had been scandals regarding foreign investors who bribed public officials or financed government programs to obtain business privileges or competitive advantage (Inkpen, 2010).Moreover, there was a recent case of bribery involving a Jextra’s country manager in the Philippines. More likely, this manager also encountered similar ethical dilemmas like Mr. Chong. Some individual factors that may have driven him to act unethically in the Philippines could have been pressure from the company to expand and gain competitive advantage in the region. Alternatively, he might have simply wanted to advance his career as a country manager, lacked of ethics or did not know the local laws regarding bribery.Additionally, he might not have received or requested support from the top management regarding the social and ethical issues raised in the Philippines. Mr. Chong, as an experienced manager, should have anticipated that he would encounter legal and ethical risks in Malaysia. Mr. Chong face major challenges due to the weak legal framework and wide spread corruption in Malaysia. Additionally, Mr. Chong is not familiar with Malaysian domestic law and International law. For instance, Mr. Chong does not know whether accepting the Mayor’s offer would breach Malaysian law.It is against the International law to offer money, directly or indirectly, to officials of foreign governments (in this case the Mayor of Klang), to obtain a business advantage (help Jextra with the landing zone) (Inkpen, 2010). According to Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan (2010), it is crucial for foreign firms and managers t hat operate overseas to be familiar with domestic law and international law. Moreover, Mr. Chong does not know the legal policies of his home country, and therefore, if contributing to obtain a business benefit would be considered illegal in Hong Kong, if it were not through the right channel (Jextra Social Fund).Jextra Social Fund provides financing for educational and social projects (Inkpen, 2010). However, Mr. Chong is not sure whether he should go through this channel to make the contribution in order to expedite the zoning process. Additionally, Jextra’s Business Code does not help Mr. Chong to make a decision regarding this matter. Mr. Chong is not sure whether financing the primary school in Klang would be against Jextra’s Business Conduct Code. Jextra’s Business Conduct Code states â€Å"employees could not offer benefits to third parties in connection with business matters† (Inkpen, 2010, p. 3). However, Mr.Chong does not know if the contributio n would really benefit the community or individuals, such as the Mayor of Klang or his sister; the sister of the Mayor is a member of the school board. Mr. Chong also faces challenges with regard to the differences of culture between Malaysia and his home country, China. Research shows that individuals from different cultures may face challenges in understanding the behavior and values of others in the host country. Thus, this can cause a cultural clash (Tahir & Ismael, 2010). However, China and Malaysia are culturally close, so it can be expected that Mr.Chong adjust more easily than if he were to do business in countries with more cultural distance, such as France, U. S. or Germany (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010). Both, Malaysia and China present many similarities regarding its culture. Based on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory, both countries have a high degree of power distance (PDI), collectivism, masculinity (MAS), and high uncertainty avoidance (UAI). (Dani els, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010). Additionally, Mr. Chong may have a different level of ethical sensitivity than its counterparts in Malaysia (Chan & Cheung, 2012).People from different cultures have different ethics, which are influenced by their beliefs and cultural values (Chan & Cheung, 2012). Other challenges that may rise are problems regarding communications. As noted by Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan (2010), â€Å"cross-border communications do not always translate as intended† (p. 67) and can lead to misunderstandings. For instance, Mr Chong is not sure about what the Mayor meant when he asked to pay for the primary school; whether he asked to pay the entire cost of the school or just a part (Inkpen, 2010). Resolving the Mayor’s RequestsAccepting the Mayor’s offer and financing the project without using the right company’s channel (Jextra Social Fund) would be illegal. It also might go against Jextra’s corporate culture and Business Con duct Code. Bribery is wrong and unethical, and as noted by Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan (2010), â€Å"it affects both company and country economies† (p. 192). Research shows that high levels of corruption have a strong correlation with low levels of per capita income and low national growth rates (Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan, 2010). Having another bribery scandal would erode Jextra’s reputation and image.It would compromise the legitimacy of the company worldwide and its operations (Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan, 2010). It is challenging for foreign managers to avoid bribe payments when these are regarded as a usual business practice in the host country (Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan, 2010). Even though, it would be easier for Mr. Chong to just pay the bribe to the Mayor of Klang and â€Å"fall back on the standard of cultural relativism† (Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan, 2010, p. 195). As a manager, Mr. Chong should act responsibly and ethically , nd in compliance with local law, corporate culture and International law. The best approach for Mr. Chong would be to report to the Regional Operating Officer responsible for Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand and to the CEO, and CFO of the Supermarket and Hypermarket Divisions of the company in Hong Kong (Inkpen, 2010). Definitely, Mr. Chong should consult this issue with top management. Jextra and Mr. Chong should also receive legal advice from a reputable law firm in Malaysia regarding the legality of the Mayor’s offer, and if accepting the offer would constitute an offense under the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and the U. K. Bribery Act. If it does constitute bribery, then the best option for Mr. Chong would be to reject the mayor’s offer and proceed through formal channels to get the zoning approval (Inkpen, 2010). U. S. FCPA and the U. K. Bribery Act Even though Jextra is based in Hong Kong, the company is not exempt from the extraterritorial reach o f the U. K Bribery Act and the U. S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) (Arnold & Porter Advisory, 2012). The FCPA refers to legislation enacted in 1977 that outlaws bribery (Arnold & Porter Advisory, 2012).It makes illegal bribery payments by U. S. companies to political parties and foreign officials. This legislation applies to operations in the U. S. and international operations as well, and to company’s employees and their agents abroad (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010). Not only U. S citizens, U. S companies or â€Å"issuers of securities on US exchanges† (Arnold & Porter Advisory, 2012, p. 3) are potentially liable under the FCPA, but also individuals of any nationality that make bribery payments to any foreign government official while staying in the U.S. (Arnold & Porter Advisory, 2012, p. 3). There is lack of consistency in the provisions of FCPA. For instance, it is not legal to pay to public officials to facilitate business transactions (referred to a s â€Å"facilitating payments or grease money†) (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010, p. 194). However, payments must be made to officials who are directly responsible for the transactions. In 1988, the FCPA enacted a new amendment that excludes grease money from bribery (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010, p. 194).In that case, under the FCPA, if Jextra finances the primary school through the Social Fund and make the payments directly to the Mayor’s sister in order to expedite the landing zone, it may not be unlawful. The payments should be made to someone who is directly involved with the primary school, such as the Mayor’s sister or other member of the school board and cannot be made to the Mayor directly. The U. K. Bribery Act became effective on July 1, 2011 and as the FCPA, it has a vast jurisdictional reach (Arnold & Porter Advisory, 2012, p. 3).The Bribery Act provides legislation regarding acts of bribery, and makes it an offense for companies that d o not prevent bribery (Arnold & Porter Advisory, 2012). The jurisdictional reach of the Bribery Act is wider when companies or individuals with a close relationship to the U. K. Additionally, under the Bribery Act, foreign individuals who commit bribery overseas while residing in the U. K could also be prosecuted, commit offenses (Arnold & Porter Advisory, 2012). Foreign companies, such as Jextra, can be also subject to FCPA scrutiny; even though its business activity has little relation with the U.S. and the company mainly operates in Asia. Non-U. S. companies could be found liable for conduct outside the U. S. that constitutes an offense under U. S. Criminal law (Arnold & Porter Advisory, 2012). FCPA incorporates extraterritorial provisions in its legislation. Therefore, as noted by Arnold and PorterAdvisory (2012), it is important that MNEs, consider â€Å"the potential liability under the FCPA to which their operations may be exposed† (p. 3), whether conducting business i n the U. S. or outside. Mr. Chong should act in compliance with the FCPA and Bribery Act.Managers are responsible when corruption is afoot and need to be vigilant with their actions. In addition, Jextra is responsible for ensuring that its â€Å"anti-corruption measures satisfy both jurisdictions† (Arnold & Porter Advisory, 2012, p. 6). In today’s global economy, international companies, such as Jextra have may worldwide connections through its suppliers and subsidiaries. Under the Bribery Act, it could be established some type of association, for instance through a Jextra’s parent company or subsidiary, so that if the company was to commit bribery it could still be prosecuted in the U.K. Therefore, Jextra and Mr. Chong should be extremely cautios and take into consideration that both the Bribery Act and the FCPA may have direct impact on the company’s operations; even if the company has little connection with U. K and U. S. (Arnold & Porter Advisory, 201 2, p. 6). Chong’s Recommendations to Jextra Malaysia lacks of a developed legal system and has a risky business environment, which make it challenging for foreign companies, such as Jextra, to conduct business in an ethical, fair, and responsible manner.Chong’s recommendations to Jextra include seeking proper legal counsel regarding Malaysian commercial and civil laws, and payments to government officials. An additional recommendation is to implement an effective internal business code of conduct. A clear code of conduct would mitigate some of the problems that Mr. Chong faces. The code should set global policies for Jextra’s employees and any individual working for the company (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010). The code of conduct should not only be communicated to all Jextra’ s employees, but also to its suppliers and contractors.Additionally, the code of conduct should ensure that its policies are carried out. For instance, Jextra should make empl oyees sign a written agreement conforming that they read and understood the code of conduct (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010). Additionally, Jextra should require managers to go through a formal program that teaches them the company’s ethical code of conduct. It is vital for Jextra to implement the right measures and procedures, as well as strictly enforce these measures, to prevent bribery and other unethical behaviors among its employees.This would help the company to avoid potential prosecution and civil litigation under the FCPA and The Bribery Act. A third recommendation would include an internal investigation regarding Mr. Alam conduct. As a category manager, Mr. Alam may be using his position in the company for personal gain (Inkpen, 2010). Mr. Chong as a supervisor of Mr. Alam need to ensure that Mr. Alam is not taking bribes or gifts from suppliers, or benefitting his father-in-law. An additional recommendation include inter-cultural training for Jextra’s managers assigned abroad.When conducting business overseas, it is imperative that managers receive adequate training regarding the legal and political environment, international law, and national culture of the host country. Managers should also receive training in ethics to avoid unethical conduct. Additionally, when conducting international business, geocentrism is a good approach. According to Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan (2010) geocentrism requires firms â€Å"to balance informed knowledge of their own organizational cultures with home- and host-country needs, capabilities and constraints† (p. 4). Jextra should integrate its own company practices, Malaysian practices, and new practices as well (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010). Conclusions and Lessons Learned Legal policies, which include domestic law and international law, play a major role in determining how global companies can conduct businesses abroad (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010). International firm s should act responsibly and ensure that its employees act in accordance with the domestic law where they operate and do not commit any offense under the FCPA and Bribery Act.By acting ethically, companies can create competitive advantage, shared value, and avoid being perceived as unethical and irresponsible by the local and global communities (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010; Porter, 2010). As a potential global manager I learned that it is crucial for global firms to set clear codes of conduct, ensure compliance with the codes (training, auditing programs), and enforce the policies in the code (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010).However, foreign managers will still face ethical dilemmas when working in a different legal and political environment. Managers need to be knowledgeable about cultural, legal, political, and ethical factors in order to succeed in their assignment overseas (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2010). Therefore, managers should receive adequate inter-cu ltural training and counseling about the host country’s values, norms, legal and political system. Managers should be a role model for other employees by showing cultural awareness and ethical behavior.

Should The Surveillance Be Done in Public Areas Essay

Should The Surveillance Be Done in Public Areas - Essay Example Introduction of surveillance camera has significantly changed the security issues around the globe. Surveillance chiefly involves paying close and frequent attention to someone or something (Tavani, 2001). This is usually for a particular reason, whether private or public and for a certain period of time. In addition surveillance usually takes many forms, such as listening and smelling devices and wiretapping, but in this case, it is important to focus on surveillance involving cameras, placed in either public or private areas. From when you walk out of your house, in most cities, you are being watched (Parenti, 2003). This is because the cameras are now installed in major city streets, gas stations, retail shops and transport systems such as trains. The use of surveillance cameras doubled in the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York City. These prompted frantic efforts, to curb terrorism, a major threat to security in this century. There is a need to identify the ethic s of surveillance cameras. Historically, the idea of watching the public by a select few, especially those who control us politically and economically can be traced to the Panoptical (Foucault, 1977). This was a kind of prison design, built in such a way that a single guard could watch the prisoners in a single gaze. This is a big way induces prisoners in a state of conscious and permanent knowledge that they are being watched. Foucault saw surveillance as productive machinery of continuous mind control, which is somehow what current surveillance cameras represent. Therefore, what the papers seek to argue the need for new ethics in the surveillance camera industry, because of the reasons below. This is because surveillance when done correctly and for the right reasons and people, individuals involved end up surrendering apart of their civil liberty to privacy, for the sake of public security. Closed -circuit televisions when placed in public areas, give people a sense of security, r educe crime by up to five percent. Up to ninety percent of respondents saw no problem in having such surveillance in public areas. Surveillance done in the above manner, by the correct agencies, can be said to be ethical and legal. On the other hand, there is need to look at the ethics of surveillance cameras, by looking at who does it and for what they will be used to do, therefore the ethics of surveillance cameras. Ethics is defined by the BBC online, as a system of moral principles. This is what is good for the individual and society, therefore is responsible for holding the society together. The ethics of surveillance cameras therefore seeks to look at the circumstances surrounding the use of such cameras, and just how much harm can be done if it finds itself in the wrong hands. Foucault, 1994, referred to surveillance carried out by the government as being watched by â€Å"big brother†, which would encourage good behavior amongst the general population, due to the fact that people would think that they are being watched, even when they are not. As earlier stated, this discussion is not that surveillance cameras should go, rather that it should be done in public areas, by the right people. The main areas in a person’s life most affected by surveillance cameras are trust, privacy, and autonomy (Parenti, 2003). First, surveillance cameras usually infringe on a person’s privacy, mostly when it is done in their private time and within their private property. Concerns on privacy have been here since way back, and have increased with continuous improvement in technology.

Mini case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mini case study - Assignment Example In order to be able to pinpoint the exact location of the effusion the stethoscope needs to be pressed on the lower, right middle, left middle and upper regions of the chests to understand which lobe of the lung is affected. Therefore the examiner needs to be familiar with the surface projections and use them for comparison between the different locations of the lungs especially for symmetrical positions. In absence of any fluid the bronchial sounds are loud while in presence of fluid these sounds have a lower intensity. Since the patient is supposed to have an effusion in the right lower lobe therefore while examining her, examination needs to be done on the upper posterior side and listening for a sounds for one entire breathing cycle. In the presence of effusion in the lower right lobe I can expect to hear both discontinuous and continuous creaking or grating sounds produced by mild rubbing of inflamed surfaces and will be heard during both inspiration and expiration (Tuteur, 1990). Asking the patient to cough will not alter the state of the sound sin any way and hence one may say that the pleural surfaces have fluid accumulation. Compared to this area other areas will have normal sounds The patient is diagnosed with bipolar disorder. However for most people as in the case of the patient’s family, most people are unaware about the difference between bipolar disorder and major depression and hence need to be educated for better diseases and symptom management. The most important part of the education plan is to make the family understand the basic difference between depression and bipolar disorder. Major depression refers to the condition in which the patient is always in a depressed state and does not enjoy anything and often ahs suicidal tendency. However, bipolar disorder also known as manic-depressive illness has two phases-the manic phase and the depressive phase. In bipolar frequent mood

Celebrity Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Celebrity Study - Essay Example Celebrities are characterised by fame, influence and in some cases financial success (Weber, 2014: 100). Inspiration personalities have huge audiences and it is the strategic reason businesses that seek to promote their brands have in the recent past involved them in advertisements. People understandably pay much attention on what celebrities do both fans and haters. As a matter of fact, music, from time immemorial, has been an essential part of human life. Artists who consistently produced high-quality music that attracted a wide audience in the society have gone down in history not only as celebrities but as ‘stars’ and legends. Evidently, Michael Jackson was a music legend whose life was a blessing to many people. This paper seeks to evaluate Michael Jackson as a celebrity and as a case study and comprehensively explore various social elements with regard to his life and contributions while counter-comparing this with theoretical frameworks to come up with an argument supported by practical examples. Michael Jackson is a name that most people can recognise, whether young or old. Similarly, both men and women identify MJ as he is popularly known for his exhaustively lived 50 years. He was born in August 1958 and died 50 years later in June, 2009. He is famous for his influence in the pop music and dancing styles that have since been embraced. Michael Jackson climbed to become an international figure due to his dedicated work in the music industry. He had an enormous contribution in the arena of music and dance that made the world recognise him sincerely. Apparently, Jackson was born in a family that had a thing with music as he had several siblings sing along with him in what was known as Jackson 5. He did his career music in the year 1964 and about four decades late, the name Michael Jackson was known in every cranny of the society. He became an epitome of pop music. Even after his death, he

What are the effects of chemicals on children Essay

What are the effects of chemicals on children - Essay Example the most dangerous elements scientists distinguish â€Å"air pollutants, pesticides and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), lead, mercury, arsenic, mycotoxins and hazardous chemicals in the workplace† (Chemical Safety). This study aims to search for the effect of chemicals on children`s health and wellbeing and possible measures of harmful effect prevention. Children may get access to chemicals indoor and outdoor through water, soil, house dust, nourishment and shopper items, in the environment where they dwell, study and play. Since specific chemicals can cross the placenta, they can also be transferred to children during pregnancy. Feeding newborn children with breast milk can also expose children to potentially harmful chemicals. As a rule, nobody realizes to the full extent what chemicals may do harm to individuals, particularly infants and babies who are prone to bite things or rub them on the skin. For a significant number of these mixes, there has been almost no examination to explore kids presentation to them. However, some scientists stress over potential dangers in light of the fact that it is presently clear that many chemicals untested for potential wellbeing impacts are found in ordinary things, for example, clothes, footwear, furniture, and toys. Kids are exceptionally defenseless taking into account their hand-to-mouth pr actices, floor play and developing immune ad nervous systems. Producers claim that there is no any threat considering the substances in an item, and it does not mean that any requirements of manufacture were violated. If some chemical from the list of harmful substances is detected in the item on the Washington state rundown is found in a toy or diversion, it does not consequently mean there are grounds for concern as people cannot have contact with these substances at all (Kay, 2013). Erry et al. explore the influence of PVC on children`s organism, which turned out to be extremely negative. In the research, a number of items

Crisis and Expansion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crisis and Expansion - Essay Example As new modes of communication arrived on the scene, they allowed faster and more secure ways of sending and receiving information. It is also the time when various stratified groups of citizens started realizing their rights, particularly the African Americans and women. This gave rise to several black and women’s rights movements demanding greater rights for the minority or neglected group. The 19th century is also important due to the numerous expansions, exterminations, and exclusions took place. The Gold Rush also occurred during the same century when a great number of people flocked into California in order to find gold, but the incident also resulted in the death of several hundred Native Americans. Further activities during the century included the American Civil War and the rise of capitalistic ideas which influenced its own following. Thus, the nineteenth century was characterized by geographical expansion, industrial development, and activism. A significant portion of the 19th century was occupied by the westward territorial expansion of American settlements. Following the American independence from the colonization of Great Britain, the US was a free land which faced the problems of rising inflation and a weak economy (The significance of the frontier in American history pg 1). However, it is also during this time when American settlements sprawled further westwards in order to find suitable dwellings that met their need for sufficient resources. The American population kept growing and expanding in numbers and the American society found itself to be sharply extending to western continents as they went through the societal development process. The society and the people were also subject to the rapidly changing external environments which spurred them to expand to places where they could conquer the â€Å"wilderness†. Thus, in response to the changing social, economic,

Nursing Competencies Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Nursing Competencies - Thesis Example s focused on the discussion of some of these competencies as offered by tree organizations, namely: American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), Quality, Safety Education for Nursing (QSEN), and the National League for Nursing (NLN). The challenges in the industry will also be discussed alongside a personal reflection of the author on the relevance of these competencies to his personal career. Nursing is a critical profession in the United States and, as has been dictated by the increasing healthcare needs, advancements in it are paramount. Advancements in the profession are of equal importance, all in an effort to empower nurses and help in meeting the rising healthcare needs across the country. As such, there are many stakeholders and public agencies that focus on the achievement of this goal by providing the skills that nurses need throughout their academic and professional lives. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), Quality, Safety Education for Nursing (QSEN), and the National League for Nursing (NLN) are primary contributors in this. These three associations have made unique efforts in trying to equip nurses with specific competencies at the Masters level. In addition to these competencies, this paper will discuss some of the factors in the nursing profession and the health care system that make the achievement of these skills necessary, based on evidence from current literature. From a personal and reflective point of view, this paper will also discuss how these skills and competencies related to my career trajectory and describe the steps I am willing to take in an effort to achieve the knowledge and skills necessary during my graduate studies as I seek to master each of these competencies. The AACN has outlined a number of competencies that it is willing to equip nurses with in an effort to enhance their skills. Of the many competencies that it defines under Adult- Gerontology Acute Care NP Competencies, one of the most

Smokers in Great Britain and USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Smokers in Great Britain and USA - Essay Example -  Smokers from most provinces have been issued with rights that assist them in their consumption provided that they adhere to the set laws. -  Most of the rules prevent smoking in public places where there are secondary casualties and do not target the smokers directlyb)  Social perspective-  The country has friendly laws on smokers; hence, reducing the rate at which they are being referred to as social outcasts.-  Despite round 11% of the population agreeing to smoke daily, they were not referred to as social pariahs due to adherence to rules and lack of anti-smoking campaigns.C.  COMPARISON BETWEEN UK, US AND CANADA (Crystal, 2012; Bullard, 2013; Thestar.com, 2015)a)  Rights-  Canada has different civil rights as compared to the U.K and U.S that can be observed in the smoking sector; hence, smokers in Canada are less likely to be referred to as outcasts.-  There is the presence of friendly rules in Canada that do not contribute to the diminishment of smokers' rig hts unlike in the U.K and U.Sb)  Social perspective and media coverage-  Canada has positive media coverage on smoking unlike in the U.S and U.K whereby there is an increase in anti-smoking media campaigns.-  In the U.s and U.K, the media covers smoking in terms of health and negativity but in Canada promotes smoking.D.  CONTRAST BETWEEN THE UK, US, AND CANADA (Crystal, 2012; Bullard, 2013; Thestar.com, 2015)a)  Percentage of smokers -  The U.K has more than 24% of the population being involved in tobacco consumption while the U.S has an average of 20% compared.

African americans and Native americans Essay Example for Free

African americans and Native americans Essay African Americans and American Indians or Native Americans are two of the major subordinate groups in America today. They face many forms of oppression from the dominant group and have many things in common when it comes to this oppression. I would like to focus on five specific types of oppression they face: stigmatization, segregation, ethnocentrism, prejudice, and discrimination. African Americans are facing stigmatization far less these days, but if one looks back a half-century, they will find countless examples. Stigmatization can include the de-humanization, labeling, characterizing, and degrading of a group. During slavery, blacks were stigmatized into the happy and carefree characters Mammy and Sambo. This was done to show that slavery was good and blacks probably wouldnt be able to function in free society. When slaves were freed, blacks were painted as savages that could not be trusted to live normally. Caricatures of blacks with exaggerated features and portraits of the characters Sambo and Mammy still exist today. For Native Americans, stigmatization is far worse. Countless sports teams have a Native American as their mascot, some having very derogatory names such as the Washington Redskins. Indians were also portrayed as evil in countless western movies and as ruthless savages in others. These stigmatizations make Indians seem more like fantasy characters than real people. Many people do not realize that these stigmatizations are very hurtful and detrimental to society. Segregation, the separation of two or more groups based on physical characteristics, is another issue that still plagues African Americans and Native Americans. From the moment Europeans set foot on what is now America, they have been forcing Indians farther and farther west. The American government created reservations for the Indians so that they could have the valuable resources that they needed. Treaties were signed and broken, and the Indians moved farther along the Trail of Tears. Reservations still exist today and for the most part Native Americans have are not integrated into American society. Most would like to think that after the Supreme Court case Brown vs. Board of Education, segregation no longer exists for African Americans. Sure its not like we still have separate drinking fountains, but by and large blacks and whites are separate. In all major cities large housing projects have been created for low-income persons. The vast majority of the people living there are black. Most inner city schools are almost entirely made up of minorities. Legal segregation is no longer a problem anymore, but social segregation is still a major problem in society today and something needs to be done. Ethnocentrism is the feeling by one group that they are superior to another based on ethnic background. Native Americans have always been the victims of this. They were forced to leave their homeland by the superior Europeans and thought not good enough to live among them. Native Americans still live mostly separate and many people still degrade them and think of them as inferior both mentally and physically. Most people have not been exposed to them yet judge them anyways. This is very sad and disturbing. African Americans were thought of as the lowest, stupidest, least civilized people on earth. The whites thought they were far superior and showed this by literally stealing African Americans from their homeland of Africa and forcing to into slave labor. Even after slavery, white supremacy groups such as the KKK still exist and continue to be a proponent for the inferiority of African Americans. Many think of blacks as being less far less intelligent and civilized even today. Prejudice and discrimination are two of the biggest problems facing African and Native Americans today, and the two go hand in hand. Prejudice involves negative attitudes towards ethnic groups, which can include beliefs, thoughts, and stereotypes. Discrimination is taking action on these prejudices by denying certain rights and opportunities to these groups. Prejudice leads to discrimination of these groups. African Americans as well as Native Americans are discriminated against in employment opportunities, housing options, public school resources, and countless other ways. They are  discriminated against because of these prejudices and stereotypes.For example, say a black man walks into a store with his white friend. The employees of the store are more likely to offer service to the white man and will probably follow the black man to make sure he is not shoplifting. The prejudice views they hold cause them to discriminate against the black man. These problems are very real even today and unless society as a whole addresses them and ways to stop them, they will continue to destroy the fabric of our country.

Literature and communities

Literature and communities Literature can help people to get a real in depth view of life through someone elses shoes. You can almost get lost into another world while reading a book. No matter if that world is fiction or non-fiction, it can take the reader to an unfamiliar place and make them feel comfortable in that space. A person can take something away from what they have read in some form of literature and put it to use into their communities. Something as simple as a feeling, viewpoint, or even a new perspective, can bring a new knowledge on the whole outlook of something. Literature can help to add culture to a readers life. Anytime a person adds culture to their life, they would have a positive affect on our society because they have been enriched with literature. Everyone has different points of view that they wish to express in life, regardless of the theme. Everyone also has different opinions as with literature. Each individual that reads a poem or a story is affected by it differently. However, t he common ground for literature and the community and every person that reads it is this: we all must start at the beginning before we get to the last page or line from a poem. Every community has been affected by literature since the beginning of time. At first, many people did not have the pleasures of being able to read and write and therefore could not appreciate literature. But once they were taught how to read, interests in reading became popular through many communities. Communities are affected by historical stories, autobiographies, fiction, non-fiction, and even poetry told by authors. It is somewhat like a domino effect that has been happening for many years and it will continue to grow and affect those in the future. The readings from this pasts week even show how communities are affected by literature. My first example is in the â€Å"The Prodigal Son† by Luke, (cited in DiYanni, 2007, page 27) is two sons and their father. One son works by his fathers side without complaining. The other son, however, asks for his inheritance as soon as he is old enough to speak with his father about it. The father in this story does as per his sons request and sells his half of the land and gives the money to his son. That son wastefully spends all of his fortune and loses all of his friends when the money is gone. He ends up homeless and becomes very desperate until he realizes that he will go home and ask his father to become one of his servants. The servants were not as poor and desperate as he was becoming. Naturally his father was so delighted by having his son come home that he holds a feast in honor of the son returning. Then the other son complains to his father about being loyal while the other son did not remain loyal. The father answers his sons complaint with a great explanation: â€Å"son thou art ever with me and all that I have is thinefor this thy brother was dead and is alive again: and was lost and is now found† (cited in DiYanni, 2007, page 28). The father was simply saying that what is his is theirs and he was thankful that his son learned his life lesson. This story affects the community because it gives people a sense of hope when there is despair. Even when people can bring on their own problems by selfish acts, faith, hope, and love can help people get through the toughest of times. I feel that this story has a very prominent part of the religious community. A person can still receive forgiveness in spite of the fact of the thing they may have done wrong. I most certainly can relate to this story because I have know that I have hurt my mother time and time again, but no matter how big and ridiculous my mistakes have been, she is always there to help and guide me. That is why I feel that if I am impacted by this story that my community is also. Another story from this weeks readings showing the relationship of how the community is affected by literature is â€Å"AP† by John Updike (cited in DiYanni, 2007, page 32). This story is about a young man that is employed by the same supermarket chain as in the title. He tries to suffer for three girls in hopes that they will notice him but they do not exactly give him the time of day. There are these three girls that go shopping in the store, but they are wearing nothing but bikinis. Being that they are inappropriately dressed, the store manager asks them to come into the store having their shoulders covered next time. The young man ends up quitting his job in the hopes of catching the girls attention. I believe that he wanted to be viewed as the hero for standing up for them; even though, the girls were in the wrong for coming into a store dressed that way in the first place (cited in DiYanni, 2007, 36). This story affects the community because there can be different ways t hat this sort of story can be viewed, and we could all learn from this sort of storyline. A person can take something away from what they have read in some form of literature and put it to use into their communities for the future. That something can be as simple as a feeling, viewpoint, or even a new perspective, that can bring a new knowledge on the whole outlook of something. A person with culture added to their life, has a positive affect on our society because they have been enriched with literature. Each individual that reads a poem or a story is affected by it differently. However, the common ground for literature and the community and every person that reads it is this: we all must start at the beginning before we get to the last page or line from a poem. This knowledge is something that stays with a person forever; not only here, but in every community. References: Di Yanni, R. (2007). Literature: reading fiction, poetry, and drama. NewYork: McGrawHill Publishing, Inc.

Following The Article In The S :: essays research papers

Following the article in the Standard Newspaper dated 8/07/1998 on â€Å"Customer Care Improvement by Robert L Fousler (MD) Consultant s for Effective Training, I am in total agreement with him concerning the points that he has put forth concerning Customer Care within business organizations. Customer Care is an important point in management and should be carried out by any manager within any business organization irrespective of what departments he is directly of indirectly in charge of. It is important to note that a business or organization cannot effectively attract customers /clients if it cannot deal with its internal clients. In any business/organization, internal clients are the employees within the organization. Mr. Fousler mentions that in Kenya, many industries in the market and developing from a â€Å"Sellers† market into a â€Å"Buyers† market. This means that the only difference between one Seller and another will be in the quality of the service rendered to them. In addition to this, the expectations and demands of clients have been increasing and have been rapidly dynamic over the past five years and in order for you to please, and indeed, maintain a client then the services rendered to them should be adequate and ready to fulfill their needs. Most service industries, if not all, are all client/customer oriented and they depend on the client to pay for their services that are intangible. With this in mind, it is in their best interest to ensure that the services they offer are useful to the client and that the Customer Support is highly advanced and effectively operational. In reference to this, it is important for organizations, particularly those in the service industry, to realize that their future success is dependant on managers viewing their staff as the most important assets they have and that everything depends on how they work as a team. He goes on to mention that Customer Care skills should not only be offered to staff in service-oriented organizations but to all organizations in general. If people can serve one another and each department serving the other, then the Customer Service skills will be extended to the â€Å"External† customer. He also highlights the importance of Customer Care in any organization and says that it is not wise to train only certain sections in the organization since everything everyone does in the organization has an impact on the client in one way or the other.

The Vietnam War: The Tet Offensive :: Vietnam War Essays

In the mid to late 1960's the Vietnam Conflict was greatly controversial. This is mainly due to the fact that it was an undeclared war and was being fought with unclear objectives. It was fought mainly by Viet Cong guerillas and the NVA from the North and by the USA and ARVN from the south. Throughout the conflict it appeared as if the South was prevailing; up until one climatic battle that turned out to be a failure militarily; it is known as the Tet Offensive. The Tet Offensive started with diversionary attacks on Khe Sanh on January 21. It began with a concentrated artillery barrage and entrenching troops around the perimeter so that they could prepare further assaults on Khe Sanh's defenses. This caused the US to move their troops up in order to defend against the enemy intrusion. By causing the US to move their troops from their positions in the other major cities, the North had created an opportunity for an attack on all of those cites. Then next step of the plan was to infiltrate the major cities of the South like Saigon and Hue with VC and NVA soldiers. It is amazing how effectively the VC and NVA snuck their soldiers into the cities, because only a small number of them actually got caught. They pulled this off by sending their men in slowly, mostly by twos or threes, disguised as refugees, peasants, workers, and ARVN soldiers on holiday. Their weapons were smuggled in separately in flower carts, coffins, and trucks that looked as if they were filled with food for the civilians. All-in-all the amount of troops in these cities equaled about 5 battalions. Once the North had accomplished its goals of distracting the United States soldiers and infiltrating its guarded cities they decided to attack; they chose a day designated for truce, the Vietnamese New Year of Tet. On January 31st, in the early hours of the morning, the NVA and VC troops and commandoes began the Tet Offensive by attacking virtually every major city and town; including most of the major bases and airfields. Most of the attacks made came by total surprise and caused a maelstrom of chaos among the US soldiers who attempted to defend their posts. An example of one of these attacks is the one launched against the US embassy in Saigon. In Saigon, nineteen VC commandoes attempted to blast their way through the main doors of the US embassy and killed two of the 5 MP's on duty.

evilmac Macbeths Profound Evil Essay -- Macbeth essays

Macbeth's Profound Evil      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the audience experiences Macbeth by William Shakespeare, it is subjected to a heavy dose of evil in the form of intent and actions by the witches, by Lady Macbeth and by Macbeth.    L.C. Knights in the essay "Macbeth" specifies the particular species of evil present within the play:    Macbeth defines a particular kind of evil - the evil that results from a lust for power. The defining, as in all the tragedies, is in strictly poetic and dramatic terms. It is certainly not an abstract formulation, but lies rather in the drawing out of necessary consequences and implications of that lust both in the external and the spiritual worlds. (93)    D. F. Bratchell in Shakespearean Tragedy delineates the specific type of evil within the tragedy:    Long regarded as a profound vision of evil, Macbeth differs from the other Shakespearean tragedies in that the evil is transferred from the villain to the hero; not that Shakespeare's tragic figures are ever conceived in the simplistic tones of black and white. Although the Elizabethans took liberties with Aristotle's dictum that tragedy does not deal with the overthrow of a bad character, it would be accepted by them that concentration on the evil deed itself does not constitute tragedy. (132-33)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson emphasizes the evil coexisting with traces of good in the play:    He is capable of gentleness and generosity: there is a tender human love between him and his wife, though they are both abandoned to evil; we may recall the relation between Claudius and Gertrude, and Shakespeare's capacity for seeing some goodness even in wicked people. (77)    R... ...n Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Kermode, Frank. "Macbeth." The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1972.    Knights, L.C. "Macbeth." Shakespeare: The Tragedies. A Collectiion of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964.    Mack, Maynard. Everybody's Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.    Warren, Roger. Shakespeare Survey 30.   N.p.: n.p., 1977. Pp. 177-78. Rpt. in Shakespeare in the Theatre: An Anthology of Criticism. Stanley Wells, ed. England: Oxford University Press, 2000.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.

Complexometric Determination Essay

Introduction Using a Lewis base neutral molecule to donate electron pairs (ligands) to a Lewis acid metal ion center to form a single cluster (complex) ion. When the complex ions forms with a metal ion (chelation) the ligand used is called the (chelating agent). EDTA acts as a great chelating agent due to the Nitrogen and Oxygen donating an electron pair to the metal ion center to form an octahedral complex. The metal ions especially with a +2 charge or higher are the reason for water hardness to form on various objects known as â€Å"scum†. Calcium ions are typically the most common contributing factor for water hardness so this experiment uses CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate) to analyze the hardness of an unknown sample. A scale of water hardness identifies â€Å"soft† water with a value less than 60 ppm (parts per million) and â€Å"hard† water with a value more than 200 ppm. 3 mL of ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer (pH 10) is added to the mixture prior to the titration to capture the calcium metal ions so the indicator can work properly. The experiment adds 4 drops of Eriochrome Black T as the indicator to visually see the color change as complexes are formed and the solution undergoes chelation of metal impurities. The color change from indicator starts as pink and changes to a violet then light blue color to signify the chemical phase changes throughout the reaction until the endpoint. 3 titrations are experimentally conducted to calculate the mean average of the Na2 EDTA for experimental accuracy. The EDTA mean average is then used to calculate the water hardness of an unknown water sample (#97) using 3 more titrations to calculate a mean average of the unknown water sample. An absolute deviation is calculated for each titration experiment to calculate the experimental estimated precision. The final experimental result is then compared to the city of Tempe standard for water hardness and acceptable standards. Principle (Spurlock, 2014) (Spurlock, 2014) â€Å"A complex ion is an ion containing a central metal cation bonded to one or more molecules or ions† (Chang, 2013). Just like complex ions, a ligand is a molecule or ion that is bonded to the metal ion in a complex ion (Chang, 2013). A chelating agent is a substance that forms complex ions with metal ions in a solution (Chang, 2013). The process of the chelating agent forming is called chelation. E.D.T.A. (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a common chelating agent that will be used in this experiment to chelate the metal ions. Tetraamminecopper (II) [Cu(NH3)4]2+ will be the complex ion in this lab experiment. In chapter 11.1-3 the â€Å"Kinetic Molecular Theory† is being tested in this experiment (Chang, 2013). Solids are denser than liquids and allow very little empty space to exist between molecules limiting the freedom of motion. The liquids are less dense than solids, held closely together with little space between molecules (less than solids), however, the mo lecules in liquid do not break away from the attractive forces allowing them to move past each other freely. Gases are the least dense and have the largest amount of distance between molecules allowing them to move around more freely. According to the theory, the experimental Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen ions are able to quickly attract and find the metal ion in the liquid by donating their electron pair to the metal ion center creating the complex. These complex ions in the experiment use intermolecular and intramolecular forces to break and hold chemical bonds thru the experimental process of chelation to identify the hardness of the unknown sample. After the reaction is complete, when evaporation and or vaporization of the liquid and gas in the molecules is separated the remaining metal impurities known as â€Å"scum† are left. In chapter 4.1 hydration is used to orient the negative poles of the diatomic gases to the positive pole of the Hydrogen and metal impurities in the solution creation the complex cluster. Chapter 4 is also used for titration of redox reactions using a standard solution (Na2 EDTA) to add into another solution of unknown concentration (unknown sample + ammonia/ammonium  chloride buffer + Eriochrome Black T) until the equivalence point is reached (has fully reacted) as visually identified by the indicators (Eriochrome Black T) from the color change of pink to violet to blue. Procedure 1. â€Å"Prepare about 500mL of approximately 0.004M disodium EDTA solution. To prepare your solution, weigh out 0.7-0.8g of Na2EDTA and dissolve in about 500mL deionized water in your plastic bottle. Seal the bottle and shake vigorously for a few minutes to dissolve the salt. 2. Standardize the Na2EDTA solution using a stock calcium ion solution as the primary standard: a. Use a 10-mL transfer pipet to add 10.00 mL of standardized calcium ion stock solution (1.000g CaCO3/L solution) to a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask. b. Add about 30 ml of deionized water to this titration flask. c. Add a magnetic stir-bar, place on a magnetic stirrer and begin stirring. A piece of white paper under the flask gives good contrast for easier detection of the indicator color change. d. Inside the fume hood, add about 3mL of ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer (pH 10). The buffer is an inhalation irritant. Stir for 30 seconds. e. Just prior to titrating the flask, add four drops of Eriochrome Black T indicator solution. Continue stirring for another 30 seconds and then titrate this solution with your disodium EDTA solution within 15 minutes. f. Slow down your titration near the endpoint, as the color change takes 3-5 seconds to develop. At the end point, the color changes from pink to violet to blue. If you feel unsure whether you’ve reached your endpoint, read and record the volume delivered and then add another drop of titrant to check for a complete color change. g. Repeat this titration two more times. Calculate the molarity of your disodium EDTA from each titration. Average your molarities from the three trials and calculate your precision. 3. Choose one prepared unknown water sample as provided. Record the unknown code in your notebook, then titrate this water sample with your standardized disodium EDTA solution: a. Transfer 25.00mL of the prepared water sample to a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask. b. Add about 20ml of DI water to the titration flask. c. Add a magnetic stir-bar. Place the flask on a magnetic stirrer and begin stirring. d. Inside the fume hood, add about 3mL of ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer (pH 10). Stir for 30 seconds. e. Just prior to titrating,  add four drops of Eriochrome Black T Indicator solution to your flask. Continue stirring for another 30 seconds and then titrate this solution with your standardized disodium EDTA solution within 15 minutes. f. Repeat this titration twice more. Calculate the hardness (mg CaCO3/L) of the prepared water sample from each of your titrations. Calculate your average hardness and your experimental precision from the three trials. 4. Compare your results to the expected range for municipal water hardness. Check your city’s water quality lab website (e.g. http://www.tempe.gov/waterquality/typical_values.htm)† (Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness Lab, n.d.). Observations Upon adding the preparing the Na2EDTA solution the Na2EDTA solid was quickly dissolved into the DI water to create a clear solution. Later on in the procedure stage of adding the ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer into the 250 mL flask, a visual chemical reaction was observed as the ammonia buffer was mixing into the flask with CaCO3 and the unknown solution in both procedures. Upon adding the Eriochrome Black T indicator the color was visually changed from clear to light pink in both procedures. During titration of both procedures the visual color change was observed from light see-through pink to see-through violet when the process was close to ending, then from see-through violet to see-through light blue signaling then end of the reaction process.

Loreal Marketing

Principles of Marketing L’Oreal 1. The core, tangible and augmented products L’Oreal sells. The core product of the hair care products sold by the company includes the customers feeling good about themself after using the product. The tangible is he physical hair care product e. g. bottle, what the product claims to do for e. g. more shiny hair. 2 L’Oreal’s marketing managers have key branding decisions they must make. These include selecting a brand name and going onto getting a brand strategy.L’Oreal would need to decide on the branding in terms of what name to use and the icon to go with it. Brand strategy includes: Multibrand, range branding, corporate branding, company and individual branding strategy. Multibrand strategy includes bringing out more than one product in one product category. Range branding strategy involves the company deciding to introduce more than one different product to the same category of products however having a differen t name for products in different areas of the market.Corporate branding involves the company choosing to include just one brand for all the products introduced to the market and company and individual branding strategy includes that the company brand is included on all the products in the market however each product also has its own brand name. L’Oreal would be required to make the decision of what marketing brand strategy to use, For e. g. they may choose to introduce a new hair care product to the market and use a corporate brand strategy where they use the L’Oreal brand all products.L’Oreal also have other branding decisions including the branding position, name selection, brand sponsorship and development. L’Oreal must decide on its brand positioning. This includes the products attributes, benefits and beliefs and attitudes of the product. The attributes include what the hair care products attributes are for e. g. the healthy ingredients in the hair c are products. Benefits include what result the customers would expect from the attributes of the product. For e. g.L’Oreal’s benefits may be shiny hair due to the ingredients in the product. L’Oreal may however choose a brand positioning of beliefs and attitudes. L’Oreal would also need to make decisions on the brands name. This includes making decisions towards the brand name in order to ensure that the brand name is easy to memorise, say and identify. 3 The considerations L’Oreal faces in determining global product decisions include adapting their products to suit the various cultures of various countries the hair care products are being marketed in. For e. g. the pa

Information Use CIS/207 Essay

In today’s world, most businesses rely heavily on the use of information technology ad information systems. Corporate communication is usually dependent upon wired as well as wired networks within the company. With these networks being set up in businesses, there has been a major shift in data storage to using computers to store and transfer data instead of the traditional ways of using paperwork and hard copies. Companies can securely share information with other companies through the use of virtual private networks, called VPNs. My current occupation is very technologically driven. My current occupation is based completely around technology and it’s use and innovation. The company contains a large area of production and workers that produces and delivers several different innovative pieces of machinery. They are involved in the production of items such as ATM machines, video rental kiosks, self-checkout registers, vending machines and other products of a similar nature. We also have a large information technology department that I am a part of to assist with servicing our products as well as providing third party support for other products from other vendors. In our area of business, networks are extremely important to our everyday work processes. I work in the smaller of two locations, but we are all connected to the same network and have the same job duties. We have multiple computer software programs that we use to accomplish our daily tasks and also have software to connect us to the same telephone queues and networks in order to assist clients. The computer network gives us access to all of the same information and data that is used to assist us with providing support to clients and also access to internal documents that are needed. We communicate with our other team members through instant messages and email networks that are used everyday all day. Without these networks, there are times that we would not be able to even communicate with members of our leadership that are in the other location. Our phone calls are routed though queues that all of our team members are assigned to in both call centers.  Some of the software and information we use are shared with clients and they also have access. In order to keep this information secure, we use a virtual private network, or VPN. We sign into this network to access the tools that are used daily. After signing in with individual passwords, we are able to access a complete set of software programs that we need to complete our job each day. Each location of ours, also contain local networks that are for business and personal use. There are employee and guest wireless (wifi) networks that are available for leadership and clients that need to access the Internet on their wireless devices and laptops. There is also an additional wifi network that is set-up for other employees to use on personal laptops, ipads, tablets, etc. As with everything computer related, there are times when the information systems have issues or fail. One of the reasons that we have two call centers is to have our call center serve as a backup for the main location. There are times when the main call center’s network goes down due to server issues while our area is still operable, and there are other times when our center goes down and they are still in operation. Unfortunately, at times there are still issues that shut down both locations simultaneously. With the use of computers and networks, there is also a large focus on security. Whenever there is sensitive data being stored and transferred through computer networks, there is the risk of unauthorized individuals gaining access to this information. To lower these chances, we have several different pieces of software and also require multiple passwords that are unique to each authorized individual and a requirement to change the passwords often. Today’s home and business processes rely more and more on the use of technology and information systems each day. Computers and networks have increased productivity greatly by speeding up the way information is transferred. Information can now be transferred across the world almost instantly, which is very useful in business endeavors. Large amounts of data  can also be stored in computers to save the amount of physical paper used, which is good for the environment also. Research and communication are also more effective and efficient through information technology. There is always a downside with the threat of hackers and unauthorized use, but with the proper network security and software, this can be reduced. Reference Turban, E., Volonino, L., & Wood, G. (2013). Information technology for management: Advancing sustainable, profitable business growth (9th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Admission to a Doctorate of Psychology

If necessity is regarded as the mother of invention, I consider necessity as the driving force that inspires and awakens us to be a man for others. We fail to open the doors of our hearts and listen to the woes of those in need due to our inability to decide on the things that we can do to improve the lives of people around us.Our reluctance to extend any assistance may also be a result of our failure to consider the value of the things that we are capable of doing. Life is not solely dependent on the material resources that we can give. The act of extending our selfless love, time, talents, skills and other resources are too valuable to ignore.One of my renowned accomplishments manifested my organization skills, self-confidence, ability to work under pressure and meet challenges, and to remain optimistic in achieving a goal.While I was in the Marine Corps, I was tasked to be the Pay Chief. Although the position requires a person to have at least ten years of work experience, I was t rusted to be the head of the section while working for only two and half years in the military. When I was assigned in the department, I discovered that the pay-roll auditing task was behind by three years.When a pre-inspection was made in our department, we were informed that there is a need to update the current records to reflect all the payroll transactions that were made during the last three years for 4,000 Marines. Normally, the completion of the task would require three years of forty-five minutes to eight hours of work each day by each person who was assigned in the department.However, we were only given eighteen months to complete the task. Initially, we all felt that accomplishing the task would require a miracle. However, I managed to motivate my people and to exemplify hope amidst our insurmountable challenge. We all worked overtime and maintained our focus to reach our goal.At the end of the eighteenth month period, we were able to update the payroll record and meet th e expectations of our superiors. My hard work was also rewarded when I was given the Navy and Marine Corps individual achievement medal for going beyond and above the call of duty of the U.S Marine Corps, Navy and U.S. government. This award was usually given as a unit award to most Marines and Sailors.My weakness is reflected in my inability to extend my patience to people whom I could only talk to over the phone. It is easier for me to settle disputes or to handle people as long as I meet them in person. Although a person may be reserved or silent, one can easily interpret a facial expression or body language.Unlike in most phone calls that I have handled as a Customer Care for Wyndham Hotel Group, I could only read a person’s feeling through the tone of their voice. In my current job, I deal with owners and managers of hotels. Most of them call and complain about issues that they are already fully aware of based on the information that are posted in the website. Since the owners of the company are practicing transparency, it is my task never to conceal nor withhold any information from the franchise investors.As a customer care representative, I counsel owners and managers about the hotel’s day to day operation and keep them updated on the current status of the hotel. The job has taught me to understand and empathize with the owners whose main concern is to know where their hard earned money is going and if their investments will yield a good return of investment.My array of blue and white collar jobs have prepared me to acquire the skills that will allow me to be flexible and compassionate to people who came from all walks of life. It is also in my exposure that made me realize the need to help the men and women in uniform who have risked their lives in fighting for our country.My passion to be of service is too strong to resist. Hence, I organized my life and decided to take a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology in spite of my lucrative b usiness venture in real estate. After getting my college diploma, I intend to take a Doctorate degree in Clinical Psychology and specialize in the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome. Since I have directly witnessed the trauma and stress that my uncle has experienced as a result of the war in Vietnam, I can empathize with the soldiers and their families who are also suffering from the effects of their battle in a war zone environment.When I become a certified Clinical Psychologist, I will enlist in the U.S. Navy and address the need of people who are emotionally and psychologically suffering from the trauma of war and terrorism. Helping our soldiers heal from within will restore them into a life where they can be productive and fully functional in a war-free environment. Restoring the lives of our soldiers has a positive impact in our society in general and to the service members’ families in particular.When these people have recovered from the trauma and stress of wa r that are affecting their lives, they will be individuals who are capable of contributing to the growth of our nation. In addition to being able to work and raise their own families, their loved ones will be relieved from the burden of coping with the daily mental and psychological stress of a family member who has experienced the trauma of war.I believe that my optimism, empathy, determination, logical thinking ability, sensitivity to the needs of others, ability to pay close attention to what people are saying and my ability to cope with pressure and challenges will help me succeed as a clinical psychologist.

Quality Management about my organization (which is Abu Dhabi Essay

Quality Management about my organization (which is Abu Dhabi Distribution Company (ADDC)) or any other organization in Abu Dhabi - Essay Example It covers the supply of entertainment, leisure, travel, distribution channels and transportation in the context of travel, as well. The hospitality industry has two sides to it: Those who supply the accommodation, products and services and those who avail of these. It is the largest provider of employment per unit of money spent. The money circulates among more people in this industry as a chain effect. Besides creating direct employment in the Hotel and catering segments, it creates demand for several products like food, beverages, flowers, transport service, furniture, furnishings etc. etc. The industry is highly labour intensive. By meeting the needs of those away from home, the industry fills a need of the traveling public for accommodation, food and beverages. Since each service or supply input into the Hospitality industry is by itself an industry or service process, there is an initial difficulty in homogenizing the work culture in all these associated organizations before the Industry can implement the TQM policy. But once this obstacle is overcome, it proceeds at a much faster pace than in other industries, because now every one involved stands to gain from the policy and is equally committed.   Quality Management is a philosophy and frameworks set as guiding principles by which the organization lives by, in order to achieve the best possible results for all its clients and stake holders. Quality is critical in the competitive global business atmosphere. Therefore it is imperative for Organizations, especially hospitality organizations to strive for the best possible quality in its products, services and internal processes. Quality management offers a number of frameworks for adoption – these framework models are utilized to integrate better management practices. Some of the most quality frameworks are – the Malcom Baldrige National Quality framework, ISO 9000, European Foundation for Quality Management and the Australian Business Frame work. These models have set standards that are employed by organization around the world and often serve as a comparison and evaluation of quality standards in organizations. These models are also helpful in developing a proper and effective quality management system and cover a wide range of activities. These frameworks have been highly suitable for the hospitality industry where standards of quality are significant for competing and surviving in the industry. 1.2 Quality Management Frameworks This section will briefly discuss each of these four quality frameworks. (Hendricks & Singhal, 1996) Malcom framework - The Malcom framework promotes the management to increase awareness to performance excellence. The framework lays importance towards implementing methods of performance measurement for employees for continuous improvement. This framework helps in strengthening competitiveness by improving personal performances,

Autobiography Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Autobiography - Personal Statement Example I enjoy dancing which I fist learnt from my brother at early ages. Today I can do tap dance and all manner of acting on stage. In addition, I enjoy photo shooting and hair makeup. As a fashion designer, I officially began my brand in November 2014, and since then I have two-fashion line within the same brand. They include the Tokyo003 collection, which is inspired by the Asian traditional clothes such as kimono and the china dress. The other brand is the T-8-C collection of Gold colour swimwear. I have been displaying my work at local SF fashion since last year. I began the Tokyo 003 collection in late 2014 with my family being the greatest inspiration. My background is attributed to a three generation of traditional Japanese guitar player family. This implies that my grandmother, mother and I, wear kimono. This inspires me to design a kimono which is a traditional wear but in a modern way. In collaboration with David Klein, I learnt how to use his photograph to create various designs. I began my swimwear line this year, 2015. This follows the inspiration of being born and raised near famous beaches for tour. Through the friends whom I could see wearing swimwear model, I was naturally inspired to design my own swimwear collection. The sun goddess and radiant sunshine are my inspiration for the T-8-C. My signature colour is Gold, which is attributed to radiant sunshine. This feeling increase my energy to work even on more designs. In essence, I can describe The 8th Continent as a state of mind, which is surreal Utopia, where one can express views without fear of ridicule. The happiest people with confident are residents of The 8th

Accounting Regulation of Extractive Industries Essay

Accounting Regulation of Extractive Industries - Essay Example ay a critical role in global economic and political relations and include companies in oil, gas and mining industries such as Exxon Mobil, Anglo American and Royal Dutch/Shell Group. The economic power of extractive industries is evidenced by the US $ 211 trillion in profits that was recorded by 20 extractive industries in 2005 compared with United States GDP of US $ 11 trillion in 2005. Efforts to regulate the extractive industry were initiated by the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), now the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in 1998 in order to address the problem associated with differing accounting practices used by the companies in the sector (Cortese, Irvine and Kaidonis, 2010). The previous accounting standards such as IAS 16 on property, plant, and equipment and IAS 38 on intangible assets did not address the thorny issue of accounting for extractive operations in oil, gas and mining operations. In this case, IFRS 6, exploration for and evaluation of Mineral Resources was released in 2004, but experts in the field claims that the standard codified the existing industry practice and provided the companies with flexibility to continue reporting in their preferred mode (Nobes & Parker 2008). The impact of the reported profits can be substantial and thus IASC sought to address the discrepancies at the international level. Proponents of full cost method stressed the need to retain the two methods and an Ad Hoc Committee on full costing consisting of various industry bodies and players was constituted (Nobes & Parker 2008). Companies in extractive industries have global operations and diversity in their accounting and reporting has evolved in leading mining regions such as South Africa, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States (US). Wiecek & Young (2010) explains that the economic importance of extractive industries led IASC to recognise the need for an international accounting standard that would provide

Leaders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leaders - Essay Example This creates motivation within the person and so does he leads a society, a business or a nation. Many times in our lives we interact with people whom others call as 'born leaders'. Such people are so influencing that instead of digging deep into their lives for understanding their source, we are simply impressed by their personality traits. Leadership is not simply made; it is created and developed individually with certain characteristics we would talk about later by giving examples. The debate is not simply concerned about whether leadership is born or created but also with the notion that we all analyse leadership skills in wrong phase, rather than analysing the skills in our leaders, we analyse our leaders and under specify their leading behaviours and styles. This is the main reason why most of us remain in a chaos to answer 'leadership born or made'. The question is perplexing, the answer simple. There has always remained a tendency to treat 'leadership' as a complete cure to the problem or simple 'cure'. Whether complete or simple, cure is cure. The phrase 'born leaders' is made to stand for all the qualities that are desirable in a top team or responsible post-holder-for example 'clarity of vision', 'a performance focus', 'flexibility', 'innovation' and 'winning commitment' etc. First of all, leaders never born, they are created by the circumstances, situations and consequences which provide opportunity to other hidden qualities to emerge and show off. Se condly, in the light of above phrase, if all of the leadership qualities are not present in us, at least some of them reside deep in our personalities. In reality, most of the research has made little detailed examination of the concept of leadership. That is why leadership is simply asserted and its nature assumed. Are Leaders born with Leadership skills Agility to take decisions along with pulling the entire team, no doubt does not require qualification, certificate or degree but still it would be wrong to say that a person is born with such qualities, because if we suppose for a while that one is born with decision making qualities, we do not mean that such person is blessed with such gifts but that the person has been groomed and brought up so well that he has learned how to make use of his decision making power and utilize his abilities. If we analyse leadership in terms of 'grooming' or 'development', we would see examples before us of the leaders that were not ever groomed or those who never had the opportunity of acquiring regular leadership development classes. Adolph Hitler, Mahathir Muhammad, Mahatma Gandhi, etc are among such leaders which are considered as 'born leaders' but they never acquired any formal leadership training. This means that what pulls out a good leader from us the circumstances later comes the knowledge and expertise. Leadership in the eyes of Socrates Socrates clearly taught what it takes to be a leader is the professional or technical competence, that means professionalism or knowledge is the prerequisite for holding a position of leadership responsibility. (Adair, 2002, p. 11) This also refers to the notion that capabilities like professionalism or knowledge are not born with a man, but are learned through experience and hard work. With leadership comes authority to take decisions. Socrates believes that among the three main forms of authorities i.e., the authority of position, the authority of

Promotion Strategy for Lululemon Research Paper

Promotion Strategy for Lululemon - Research Paper Example Over the years the segment of women’s athletic wear has been majorly neglected. Just like any other form of clothing women sports-wear is very different from men’s. The Lululemon logo depicts the consumer’s health consciousness and their affinity to an elite club of enlightened people who wear similar clothing. According to Nelson (2011) Lululemon’s real genius relies on their Blue-Ocean strategy, which means to create demand in markets where competition is low instead of fighting for a share in a competitive market. So Lululemon emerged as a retailer that targets this niche of women’s athletic wear, and over the years has managed to grab a notable share in the 15 billion USD market for women’s fitness clothing (Helliker, 2010). Lululemon is the first clothing retailer to have adopted the Salon Business Model—which implies that like-minded body and fashion conscious women get together (Nelson, 2011). The main purpose of such a model is to bring together like-minded people who would work together for mutual benefit that would transcend the benefit from the economic transaction. Lululemon started off with niche marketing and was not intended to be mass marketed. The target market of the brand is the affluent, figure-conscious and stylish women (George, 2006, para. 7). Direct Marketing and Personal Selling Lululemon spends very little on promoting the brand through mass media, perhaps occasionally in magazines and newspapers. Lululemon has used â€Å"brand ambassadors† for the promotion of their brands, these ambassadors and not salaried employees but in fact peers or opinion leader that are given $1000 worth of free apparel in exchange for modeling the brand for their clients (Helliker, 2010). Lululemon calls it a stealth strategy not marketing—that has minimum cost and maximum impact. This is a very unique marketing strategy that clearly distinguishes Lululemon from competitors like Nike and Adidas, who spend million in celebrity endorsements. Lululemon has included ambassadors in areas of running, weight-training and men. The men’s fitness wear is also a very rapidly growing segment for Lululemon but still accounts for less than 20% of total sales (Helliker, 2010). According to Kurtz, MacKenzie and Snow, each Lululemon store across the globe has its own promotional strategy which is specific to that area. This could be in the form of painting their store front or covering their windows with slogans. The store hosts their own free yoga classes and store employees are referred to as educators. The company invests extensively in the recruitment and training of these store employees, because eventually these employees play an important role in the promotion of the brand. Personal selling has been greatly influenced with the emergence of e-commerce and the internet. It enables the manufacturer to establish databases and CRM systems to better meet the needs of the customers a nd gather extensive data about them at the same time (Kerin, p253). Internet plays a vital role as consumer promotions are deeply integrated with online product offerings, this can be done so using micro-sites and even email marketing approaches that reach directly to customers at almost no cost (Kerin, p253). Customers can sign-up for

The understanding of language learning Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The understanding of language learning - Article Example The view of learning as changing participation is radically different from theories of second language (L2) acquisition that frame language learning as a cognitive process residing in the mind-brain of an individual learner. Many scholars in the cognitive tradition have accepted a view of language as a set of clearly delineated and internally coherent structures that are best understood as a self-contained system. The methodology followed here is that of participatory research and the main limitation of the same is the possibility of bias of the researcher owing to his or her involvement. Not enough is said about the unbiased nature of the method though we find that the researcher learns in the process. Moreover, a cross-sectional analysis would have led to a more justifiable and generalized set of results. The method followed here is a specific case though structured longitudinally. Also, the main limitation of the study is the inability to capture the ethnic or racial differences r eflected in the discursive practice because the study is based on a Vietnamese learner. The representations of the findings and the final analysis or conclusion of the researchers are presented in a complex manner and at times the observations are repetitive in nature. Even considering all limitations, the purpose and findings of the study are interesting and revealing in the area of discursive practice and the interactional process of research. ... The methodology followed here is that of participatory research and the main limitation of the same is the possibility of bias of the researcher owing to his or her involvement. Not enough is said about the unbiased nature of the method though we find that the researcher learns in the process. Moreover a cross sectional analysis would have led to a more justifiable and generalized set of results. The method followed here is a specific case though structured longitudinally. Also the main limitation of the study is the inability to capture the ethnic or racial differences reflected in the discursive practice because the study is based on a Vietnamese learner. The representations of the findings and the final analysis or conclusion of the researchers are presented in a complex manner and at times the observations are repetitive in nature. Even considering all limitations, the purpose and findings of the study are interesting and revealing in the area of discursive practice and interacti onal process of research. Capturing the over time changes in communication is the most significant part of the research. Again study explores both verbal and non verbal methods of communication which makes it more complete though not very inclusive in terms of sample choice. Excerpts i. Just before the opening of revision talk in the first conference, in Excerpt 1 â€Å"the instructor and student discuss a tragic event in the student’s life that he had written about in his paper. Years before, he had stepped on a land mine in his native country of Vietnam and, as a result, lost part of a leg. Although the event was mentioned in the student’s paper and, thus, we could say the topic of their interaction emerged from the text, their conversation focuses on topics not mentioned

Combine Analysis of a Rose for Emily Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Combine Analysis of a Rose for Emily - Essay Example Similarly Faulkner also incorporates this theme in order to depict the bitter reality of human beings who are on their way to destruction as the writer believes that human existence is now devoid of emotions and feeling where man is living a mechanical existence and waiting for the ultimate escape i.e. death as it is also observed that the story commences with the funeral of Emily and ends with the death of Homer. Moreover this can also be deduced from the description of Emily in the story as it describes Emily as a living dead creature i.e. although she is alive yet she is hollow or empty on the inside hence she is almost dead. As it is also stated in the text, â€Å"She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue. Her eyes, lost in the fatty ridges of her face, looked like two small pieces of coal pressed into a lump of dough† (Faulkner 14). Theme of death also stresses on the reality of life that this world is a temporary place and ultimately everything is going to collapse and meet its end. The theme of isolation in this prose is indirectly linked with theme of death and decay as Harold Bloom also says, â€Å"Emily is isolated from the community. Her isolation is so thorough that she does not or can not have a suitor from Jefferson†¦ her isolation eventually grows to resemble a living dead in which her closest companion is a corpse† (90). This theme also depicts the irony of human existence i.e. although an individual is surrounded by people yet he is alone. As it is inferred from Emily’s situation who has lived all her life in Jefferson yet the people of that community are strangers for her. Even her cousins are not a source of comfort and support. Hence it shows that every individual in this world is living a selfish and isolated existence. Love is defined as an intense emotion that leads an individual to behave irrationally as it blinds him to all logic and reasoning. A similar case is observed in A Rose for Emily because her actions of keeping the dead body of Homer can be interpreted as an act of desperation on Emily’s part and also reveals her insecurities about being left alone. Hence she finds solace in keeping Homer’s dead body and sleeping with his corpse. Bloom also believes that, â€Å"while it may be an unconventional one â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a love story. The revelation that Emily has slept beside Homer Barron’s corpse for 40 years let us know that his killing was motivated more by love than some other reason such as pride or revenge† (90). 2. Symbolism Faulkner’s use of symbolism acts as a tool of foreshadowing and helps in the development of the plot. Initially the ‘Rose’ in the title suggests love as it is a cliche that a rose is a symbol of love and affection. However it is later revealed to the readers that the rose is either the symbolic representation of Emily’s irrational love a nd affection for Homer that led her to kill him and keep him with her or Emily’s Father’s love for her daughter that made him believe that no one was good enough for his daughter and hence he decided his daughter was better off alone rather than married. The description of