Asthma Symptoms, Diagnosis, Management Treatment - Free Essay Example

INTRODUCTION Its like trying to breathe through a straw or being a fish out of water. These are just two of the many ways people have described what having an asthma attack feels like. Affecting an estimate of 6 million children nationwide (Zahran et al., 2018), asthma seems to have cemented itself as prevalent disease that warrants plenty of awareness and education in households nationwide. Locally, Asthma in New York City affects about 84,000 children (12 years old and under) with the highest rate being that of our Bronx communities, 8.1% (FIND THIS SOURCE 2 CITE!). This paper will not only aim to provided a further understanding of the types of Asthma, but also examine the risk factors that exist in our local communities and how studies today seek to explain and tackle the elevated asthma rates in the the Bronx DESCRIPTION OF THE DISEASE Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that can range from mild to life threatening and effects an individuals bronchiole tubes, compromising their ability to breathe. In a normal and healthy state, when a person inhales, the respiratory system is able to seamlessly carry out the necessary steps. Air is able to travel down the lungs and through the bronchiole tubes, where the body uses the mucus in these airways to trap and clear out any particles that might have found their way inside, like pollen or dust. The air would then enter these tiny air sacs called alveoli where the oxygen passes through its thin walls to the surrounding capillaries and hemoglobin helps move oxygen from the alveoli to the blood, allowing for the circulation of oxygenated blood to the organs. In the case of asthma however, an individuals bronchiole tubes remain in a constant state of inflammation, regardless of the presence of symptoms, which in turn make the airways hyper responsive to any triggers e ncountered. These triggers can vary from exposure to indoor allergens like dust and cockroaches to those genrally outdoor such as pollen, air pollution or tobacco smoke. Once exposed, the bronchioles become even more inflamed, and cause the mucosa lining of the airways to produce more mucus. The smooth muscle surrounding the bronchioles will subsequently constrict, also known as bronchoconstriction, and significantly decrease the air flow. This obstruction will ultimately leave the person struggling to take full, deep breaths and in more severe cases, can lead to death. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), otherwise known as exercise induced asthma is also another type of Asthma. Although the previously mentioned triggers can also effect exercise-induced asthma, its the quicker and deeper breaths we take due to the increased demand of oxygen of our body that worsen symptoms of EIB the most (www.afa.org). Since we typically inhale through our mouth instead of our nose while ex ercising, we are taking in cold, dry air. Its this same air that triggers the bronchoconstriction and can set off the same chain of events physiologically as the allergen induced asthma previously discussed. Any symptoms exhibited that are a characteristic of EIB are not present immediately at the start of the exercise, but while the exercise is ongoing and although it can worsen 5-10 minutes once the completed, an additional 20-30 minutes allows for it resolve itself. Although there is no known exact cause if Asthma per se, there are multiple risk factors that are believed to strongly influence the likelihood of its development. Exposure to allergens, air pollution (including those due to occupation), smoking, family history, obesity and frequent viral respiratory infections are all recognized by the American Lung Association as risk factors for developing asthma. When looking at an urban population like that of the Bronx, additional risk factors come into play, such as access to medical care, patterns of medical care, psychological stress, socioeconomic status and housing conditions (Eggleston, 2000). In their study, Karen Warman , Ellen J. Silver and Pam R. Wood, compared modifiable risk factors in the Bronx for asthma morbidity in comparison to other inner city children in 7 other studied states (2009). The study concluded that children in the Bronx are more likely than other inner-city kids to be sensitized to exposed household allergens (86% vs. 58%; p There are common symptoms that have led general health practioners to quickly identify what can most likely be asthma in children and adults alike and who is having an attack. Wheezing for example, is one of the indicatiors physicians look for when diagnosing patients. ** which is caused by the whistling sound the air makes as it struggles to travel through the narrowed airways. While sometimes not audible from a distance, physicians can identify this with certainty with the help of their stethoscope. Coughing is also another, often dismissed symptom of asthma. The coughing comes about because of the excess mucus production from the mucosa lining in our bronchioles and and the continued state of inflammation they exist in. Lastly, a tightening sensation of the chest which patients have described as if something heavy is on their chest, is attributed to the smooth muscles of the bronchioles constricting. In an asthma attack all these symptoms worsen to the point where there is not eno ugh oxygen being transported to the rest of the organs and death can be the end result. TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE Asthma is not a disease that can be passed along from one person to another. Being around an individual with this condition doesnt make a person any more likely to develop the symptoms or diagnosis. On the contrary, asthmatics surrounded by others who might have a common respiratory infection like the flu, pneumonia or a cold, risk contracting that infection which although not entirely understood why, studies have found effects asthmatics much worse with symtpoms lasting longer than those without asthma (Busse WW, Lemanske RF Jr Gern JE, 2010). TREATMENT While the exact cause of asthma is still unknown, the treatment for it has been refined throughout the years in order to devise the most optimal plan not only treat but more importantly prevent. Working with a primary care physician to develop an Asthma Action Plan allows one to clearly outline the steps that need to be taken should should symptoms start to arise and worsen. The action plan essentially contains the following five steps: 1.Instructions on proper use of asthma meds 2. Necessary actions when you or your child is has symptoms or a low peak flow reading 3.Signs of an episode/attack 4.When to seek emergency care 5.Emergency contact info In terms of actual medication used to treat asthma, there are two main categories form which doctors prescribed medication from. The first category is also looked as the primary treatment because they are known as relievers which provide rapid, short-term relief of asthma symptoms to prevent a flare or attack . Reliever or rescue medi cations can be either short-acting beta agonists, ipratropium or oral and intravenous corticosteroid. The short-acting beta agonists can be taken as inhalers that include albuterol (ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA, etc.) and levalbuterol (Xopenex) or via a nebulizer were the medication is delivered through a face mask or mouthpiece. Both forms of these bronchodialators aim to reduce the tightness of the airways so we can breathe more comfortably. Like the short-acting beta agonist, ipratropium (Atrovent) is also delivered through an inhaler and although its more frequently used for cases of emphysema and chronic bronchitis, its also been used to treat asthma attacks. The last of the reliever medications are corticosteroids like prednisone and methylprednisolone, which can be taken oraly or intravenously (www.MayoClinic.org). Although they are meant to provide immediate relief, these medications are not for long term use and it is recommend to seek a doctor if the reliever is being used mor e frequently than was discussed between a patient and their physician. Maintaining control of ones asthma goes beyond the immediate relief provided by a resuce medication. It also entails adhering to a daily treatment regimen if required, to help prevent the occurance of an asthma attack. In these instances, long-term asthma control medications, otherwise known as preventative medications are a crucial component to this. Among them are leukotriene modifiers, long-acting beta agonists, combination inhaelrs and theophylline. Both leukotriene modifiers like montelukast(Singulair) and theophylline (Elixophyllin) come in tablet form and help relieve asthma symptoms for up to 24 hours and function as a bronchodilator to relax airways respectively. Combination inhalers like the Advair Diskus and long-acting beta agonist inhalers like Serevent and Foradil are the last two additional options for preventive medications for airway opening. However, some research has shown that long-acting beta agonist should not be used on its own and instead combined with an inha led corticosteroid to avoid the risk of having a severe asthma attack (www.nhlbi.nih.gov). For patients who who been diagnosed with exercise indiced asthma, the treatment regimen also includes short and long-acting beta agonists/bronchodilators in addition to mast cell stabalizers (www.aafa.org). When taking these medications, its important to be aware that these medications are most effective when taken under the suggested time frames when used to treat EIB vs. non-exercise induced asthma. Short-acting bronchodilators for example help prevent symptoms for up to four hours, but must be taken 10-15 minutes prior to exercising. Long-acting bronchodilators must also be taken before any activity, specifically 30-60 minutes beforehand and only once within a 12 hour period. (www.aafa.org) These types of medications are strictly for the prevention of symptoms only and unlike the short-acting bronchodilators, long-acting bronchodilators will not provide any reversal or relief of EIB symptom s. Lastly, mast cell stabilizers are medications that should be taken 15-20 minutes prior to exercising and like the long-lasting bronchodilators will not relieve symptoms once they begin. This group of medication is often prescribed as part of combination therapy where it is combined with short-acting bronchodilators as well. PROGNOSIS Although incurable, the prognosis for patients with asthma is generally quite good. There are multiple forms of therapies that doctors can prescribed, whether its in pill form or an inhaler as well as multiple options of the actual medicine. With the different classes of medications and the options within those classes, there is that flexibility the doctor has to find a prescription ideal for each individual patient whether its in the form of one medication as monotherapy or with combination therapy instead. Leading a normal life is very much attainable with this condition, and may only sometimes be punctuated by the occasional asthma attack and/or the long-term preventative medicaitons that are taken daily (www.erdwhitebook.org) . Moreover, throughout the years, there has been quite some research done on both excerise induced asthma and allergen asthma that have allowed the public to become more aware and knowledgeable on the subject matter. The NYC Health Department has even launch ed campaigns in Northern Manhattan, Central Brooklyn and the entire Bronx which are the areas in New York City with the higesht rates of ER visits and hospitalization for asthma. The goal of this campaing is to educate parents on asthma being more than just an episode, but rather a chronic illness that requires every day management (www1.nyc.gov). FUTURE FOR ASTHMA Current research in asthma has been focusing more and more on understanding why disparities exist across certain communities as well as racial and ethnic groups in relation to asthma rates and hospitalizations. According to the New York State Asthma Surveilance Summary Report (2013), New York City residents had higher rate of emergency room visits (135.0 per 10, 000 residents) than of New York State overall (54.2 per 10,000 residents). The disparity of this rate was even more pronounced when observing the collected data from the Bronx, which was concluded to have the highest rate of ER visit (231.4 per 10,000 residents) out of NYC and NYS. Researchers now look to use Geographic Information Science, or GIScience to analyze characterisitcs like housing conditions, socioeconomic status, and the air pollution unique to specific areas in NYC and find any correlations . In their study Urban Asthma and the Neighbourhood Environment in New York City, Corburn et al. used GIScience to determin e how exactly a childs external environment, particularly their neighborhood, effects their asthma, concluding that it is often a specific combination of factors such as poor housing conditions, outdoor air pollution and noxious land uses that are responsible for the increased incidence of asthma in impoverished neighborhoods (2004). They found that the South Bronx and Morrisania/Blemont neighborhoods were among the highest rates of asthma hospitalizations relative to their population across all others in the city (Corburn et al. , 2004). The findings from this study are important because it gives us concrete facts supported by statistical evidence that show that although Asthma may not necessarily be such a pressing matter nationwide, there are communities where this is still very much a cause for concern. More recently, there is an ongoing branch of a research study at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx looking to also understand why adults of Hispanic and Black/Afri can American descent frequent the ER or are hospitalized more and work to lower those rates. In the PREPARE study, Dr. Elliot Israel will compare the asthma outcomes of two groups of participants, all of whom require some medication for the daily management of their persistent asthma (www.preparestudy.net). While enrolled participants still see their own physician for their asthma management and overall healthcare, the PREPARE study will provide one group with an additional medication, a short acting bronchodilator, and the other will be showed a new to keep their usual reliever and rescue medications on them at all times. Although still in the very early stages of recruitment, the possible findings the Bronx site of this study can obtain is important in determining if approaches like this, with follow-up phone interviews and questionnaires over the 15 month period of the study, make the desired impact of reducing the rates of adults of Latinx or Black/African American descent and m inimizing the disparity this disparity that exists among the other racial and ethnic groups. CONCLUSION Asthma is chronic lung disease that causes obstruction of the airways. It is a disease that although no exact cause is known, years of research have been able to find and further emphasize the impact of, countless risk factors that do lead to a higher predisposition of developing asthma. Though asthma may often be just thought of as allergen induced, exercise induced asthma is also another common type of this same overarching condition, that finds its hosts struggling with some of the same symptoms as allergen induced asthma. With how prevalent asthma is, the amount of education and resources made available allow people to get more involved and become their own health advocate, instead of being a bystander to a disease that can be well managed enough for the individual to live their normal life.

Abstract Expressionism (1940s-Present) Art History

Abstract Expressionism, also known as  Action Painting or Color Field Painting, exploded onto the art scene after World War II with its characteristic messiness and extremely energetic applications of paint.   Abstract Expressionism is also referred to as gestural abstraction because its brush strokes revealed the artists process. This process is the subject of the art itself. As Harold Rosenberg explained: the work of art becomes an event. For this reason, he referred to this movement as Action Painting. Many modern-day art historians believe that his emphasis on action leaves out another side of Abstract Expressionism: control vs. chance. Historians posit that Abstract Expressionism comes from three major sources: Kandinskys abstraction, the Dadaists reliance on chance, and the Surrealists endorsement of Freudian theory that embraces the relevance of dreams, sexual drives ( libido) and the authenticity of ego (unfiltered self-centeredness, known as narcissism), which this art expresses through action. Despite the paintings apparent lack of cohesion to the uneducated eye, these artists cultivated the interplay of skill and unplanned occurrences to determine the paintings final outcome. Most of the Abstract Expressionists lived in New York and met at the Cedar Tavern in Greenwich Village. Therefore the movement is also called The New York School. A good number of the artists met through the Depression-era WPA (Works Progress/Project Administration), a government program that paid artists to paint murals in government buildings. Others met through Hans Hoffman, the master of the push-pull school of Cubism, who came from Germany in the early 1930s to Berkeley and then New York to serve as the guru of abstraction. He taught at the Art Students League and then opened his own school. Rather than following the tamer brush applied methods from the Old World, these young bohemians invented new ways to apply paint in a dramatic and experimental manner. New Ways of Experimenting with Art Jackson Pollock (1912-1956) became known as Jack the Dripper because of his drip-and-spatter technique that fell upon a canvas laid out horizontally on the floor. Willem de Kooning (1904-1907) used with loaded brushes and garish colors that seemed to collide rather than settle down into co-existence. Mark Tobey (1890-1976) wrote his painted marks, as if he were inventing an unintelligible alphabet for an exotic language that no one knew or would ever bother to learn. His work was based on his study of Chinese calligraphy and brush painting, as well as Buddhism. The key to understanding Abstract Expressionism is to understand the concept of deep in 1950s slang. Deep meant not decorative, not facile (superficial) and not insincere. Abstract Expressionists strove to uncover their most personal feelings directly through making art, and thereby achieve some transformation--or, if possible, some personal redemption. Abstract Expressionism can be divided into two tendencies:  Action painting, which included  Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Mark Tobey, Lee Krasner, Joan Mitchell and Grace Hartigan, among many, many others;  Ã‚  and Color Field Painting, which included such artists as  Mark Rothko, Helen Frankenthaler, Jules Olitski, Kenneth Noland and Adolph Gottlieb. The Expressionism Movement Abstract Expressionism evolved through the work of each individual artist. Generally speaking, each artist arrived at this free-wheeling style by the end of the 1940s and continued in the same manner to the end of his or her life. The style has remained alive well into the current century through its youngest practitioners. Key Characteristics of Abstract Expressionism Unconventional application of paint, usually without a recognizable subject (de Koonings Woman series is an exception) that tends toward amorphous shapes in brilliant colors. Dripping, smearing, slathering, and flinging lots of paint on to the canvas (often an unprimed canvas) is another hallmark of this style of art. Sometimes gestural writing is incorporated into the work, often in a loosely calligraphic manner. In the case of Color Field artists, the picture plane is carefully filled with zones of color that create tension between the shapes and hues.

To Rap Or Not To Rap Essay - 1087 Words

The music industry is always growing and trying to solicit new music to get higher ratings. â€Å"The music industry’s role in promoting negative music has been a hot topic for many years. What is too often under reported is how young people, including incarcerated youth, are directly impacted by the music.† That quote came from an article called ‘Seb is Hip Hop’. All a person has to do is turn on their radio to a mainstream station and they to can get taste of the carnage. Rap and hip-hop are two of many genres that get a lot of attention for their violence, drug use, and degrading sexism towards women. Hip-hop started to gain a lot of attention in the 80’s to convey equality against racism. People thought that hip-hop was just a phase,†¦show more content†¦It makes a claim that a person has to be willing to pay the price if they want to look the part. In some cases the child’s family cannot afford all of those expensive clothes. The child is upset that he or she cannot have those clothes so they revert to steeling the things they desire. The children don’t even think twice because the rapper that they idolize might even say its ok to steel. Drugs and alcohol play a big part in rap as well. Trying to listen to a rap song without drugs in it is like trying to find a needle in a haystack. When the artists rhymes about their street life they go on and on about how they are never sober. An article on the web called The Impact of Rap and Hip-Hop Music On American Youth. Makes a vary alarming claim that â€Å"Studies show that ever since these genres of music becameShow MoreRelatedThe Violence Of Rap And Rap1633 Words   |  7 Pagesis a culture that has developed rapidly this past century. Rap, over the years has changed in many ways such that it went from being condemned by the public to being mainstream, it is now being used to aid teens with psychological troubles, and more. This leads to the question to be answered: How has the change from condemning drug use and illegal acts in rap to glorifying it influenced youth over the last two decades? The evolution of rap has in many ways positively affected the youth but, e quallyRead MoreGangster Rap : Rap And Black Masculinity1588 Words   |  7 Pagesthat gangster rap represents a masculinity that rappers portray themselves as in their songs. Dating back to its origins, African Americans had always been the face of gangster rap, with such names like Tupac, Biggie, Jay-Z, DMX, and much more, as covers of rap magazines. Gangster rap had always been seen as what people interpret it to be and that is a raw rhythmic and explicit version of poetry in motion, but gangster rap depicts more than what people interpret it to be. Gangster rap depicts theRead More rap Essay2819 Words   |  12 Pages Rap Music The following is an excerpt from Black Noise, a book written by Tricia Rose, that describes the importance and background of rap music in society. quot;Rap music brings together a tangle of some of the most complex social, cultural, and political issues in contemporary American society. Raps contradictory articulations are not signs of absent intellectual clarity; they are a common feature of community and popular cultural dialogues that always offer more than one cultural, socialRead MoreRap Music And New School Rap1301 Words   |  6 Pages Although rap music has been around for decades, and to this day people still enjoy listening to it, most people prefer new-school rap over old-school rap because of its great quality.Unlike old-school rap, new-school rap is listened to by many different races. In addition, unlike rap when it first started there s a large variety of rap artists of different culture. To support this, Devos Jan, author of The Evolution of Hip-Hop Culture, states that, What initially was a relatively small subcultureRead MoreRap as a Language2526 Words   |  11 PagesSince its start in the music industry around nineteen eighty-eight rap music has always been under a lot of scrutiny for its lyrics and messages that it portrays. Rap music has a long history starting back to the days of slavery and has come a long way since then bridging gaps between all genres of music including jazz, blues, and basic drum beats. When hip hop first came about its message was simple. It was groups of black men who described the life they were living in the ghettos all over theRead MoreThe History Of Rap Music1751 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper will trace the history of rap music (also known as hip-hop). The origins of this music are found in the experiences of urban African Americans during the 1970s. One of the most unique elements of rap music is its vocal style. 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A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner - 994 Words

â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a fictional short story written by William Faulkner, a Nobel Laurette of the American South. The story takes place in a fictional city of Jefferson, Mississippi. Faulkner portrays Emily, the main character in the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† as a strong, stubborn woman who spends most of her life indoors in her house built in the seventies and leaves the people of her town in assumptions. At first, people of the town are curious to know about her; as time passes by, they lose interest in her story. She denied paying her taxes; she overlooked every mail that was sent to her at the end of the year about the taxes. She repeatedly says, â€Å"I have no taxes in Jefferson.† She denies the changes in her life, which makes no sense because there is life after every storm and death is the master. The story opens with the funeral of Emily Grierson followed by a series of strange activities. The narrator remains unknown until the end of the story. Emily and her father live in an old-fashioned way; he dies when she is thirty. There is no sign of her getting married till then. She refuses to bury his body after his death, saying that he is not dead. She would not let the women from the city into her house after her father’s death. After her father’s death, she does not come out much until after she meets Homer Barron. She was seen outside with Barron a couple of times and the people in the town assumed that they would be married. After a few days, Barron was not inShow MoreRelatedA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner923 Words   |  4 PagesA Rose for Emily; A Tale of The Old South William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi in 1897 but lived most of his life in Oxford, a small town nearby. After dropping out of high school then briefly joining the Canadian Air Force, he returned home and completed three terms at the University of Mississippi (Fulton 27). During his early twenties Faulkner spent time in New Orleans and Europe before returning to Oxford and publishing his first book of poems. In 1929 he married Estelle FranklinRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1729 Words   |  7 PagesJune 24, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In every neighborhood there is always that one house that is a mystery to everyone. A house that everyone wants to know about, but nobody can seem to be able to dig up any answers. It’s the type of place that you would take any opportunity or excuse to get to explore. The littler that is known, the more the curiosity increases about this mysterious place or person. In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, this mysterious person is Emily Grierson, andRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner949 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† it is clear how Emily’s gender affects how the individuals in the town perceive her. Emily’s gender particularly affects how men understand her. Throughout the whole piece Emily is seen as a helpless individual who is lonely and has suffered losses throughout her life. When the reader reaches the end of the story the actions that Emily has taken is unexpected because of the way she is perceived by the narrator. In the beginning of the story, when the wholeRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1577 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Sarah Markins Dr. Bibby ENG 107 February 11, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner in 1931, follows a series of peculiar events in Miss Emily Griersons life. Written in third person limited, Faulkner utilizes flashbacks to tell of the period between the death of Emily’s father and her own passing. Split into five short sections, the story starts out with the townspeople of Jefferson remembering Emily’s legacy and how each new generation ofRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1552 Words   |  7 PagesRyan Dunn Mrs. Williams English 11 March 11, 2016 In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, the reader is given a glimpse of the internal conflict of the main character, living in the past, and the involvement of an over involved society causing the reader to look into the consciousness of an individual haunted by a past and lack of a future. The story is set in a post-Civil War town in the South. He is able to give the reader a glimpse of the practices and attitudes that had unitedRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1507 Words   |  7 Pages1897, William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi. He stands as one of the most preeminent American writers of the twentieth century. His literary reputation included poetry, novels, short stories, and screenplays. Faulkner won two Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction and the Nobel Prize in Literature. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short fascinating story written by William Faulkner and it was his first short story published in a national m agazine. The story involved an old woman named Emily GriersonRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner883 Words   |  4 PagesIn the timeless classic, â€Å"A rose for Emily† by William Faulkner we are introduced to Emily Grierson, a matured sheltered southern woman; born to a proud, aristocratic family presumably during the American Civil War. Through out the short story William Faulkner uses many literary devices such as symbolism, metaphors and allegory to play with â€Å"time† and how time reflects upon his main character Emily Grierson. Emily being one who denies the ability to see time for what it is linear and unchangeableRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1270 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† thoroughly examines the life of a strange woman name Emily Grierson who lives in the town of Jefferson. If we examine â€Å"A Rose for Emily† in terms of formalist criticism, we see that the story dramatizes through setting, plot, characterization, and symbolism on how Miss Emily’s life is controlled by a possessive love she had for her father and lover. William Faulkner uses Emily’s life as the protagonist to examine from a formalist aspect. In orderRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1780 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1930, William Faulkner wrote a five-part story entitled â€Å"A Rose for Emily† that follows the life of a young woman named Miss Emily Grierson. Faulkner sets his story in the Old South, soon after the ending of America’s Civil War, and represents the decaying values of the Confederacy (Kirszner Mandell, 2013a, p. 244). One of these values which the text portrays quite often in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, is the patriarchal custom of society viewing men as having more importance than their female counterpartsRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1277 Words   |  6 PagesMiss Emily Grierson, the main character in the strange short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner. It would be best to examine her in a mental capacity as well as the circumstances that may affect her. Throughout the story, Miss Emily’s unpredictable and eccentric behavior becomes unusual, and the reader, like the townspeople in the story, is left to speculate how Miss Emily has spent years living and sleeping with the body of Homer Barron. An important quote from the story was that

The 20th Century - The Most Violent Century of All Time....

The progress made in the 20th century is staggering. Advancements in science, medicine and technology alone have brought incalculable benefits to human beings. Yet on the darker side, the 20th century was also the most violent time of human history. Two world wars, the massacres of Stalin, the Holocaust of Hitler, and many other such events killed over hundreds of millions of people and inflicted extreme suffering on hundreds of millions more that will make this period in time and period that will be remembered forever. The century had a trend toward weapon improvements. It wasnt until the 20th century that weapons became common in war and on the streets. The 20th century brought automatic firearms, missiles, and nuclear warheads.†¦show more content†¦Some were left to die in concentration camps and many others were killed in a line fashion in concentration camps. This hideous time in human history became known as the Holocaust. This was a horrible type of violence that should outrage us. Hitler, in my thought and also be seen in the book â€Å"Physicists†. The doctor spies on Mobies, to figure out his knowledge and she wants to take over the world with it. She always says how much power she has and how much money she has. This represents militarism and she is going to establish a dictatorship and dominate the earth and the noble people walk right into the trap. Violence has influenced lives because violence isnt as what it used to be. As a race we have become more tolerant of violence. People own guns because they feared somebody else with a gun will try to rob or kill them so they defend themselves. We deal with hearing and reading about war or violence every single day, even if we dont pay attention or notice it, its still there. People in the 20th century had to choose whether to run or face the violence and these voices didn’t go unheard. There were many arts and literature that were taken from the war that showed the true cruelty behind all this. One of the most well known survivors of the Holocaust was Elie Wiesel who wrote the book â€Å"Night† where she described her traumatic experiences in a graphic and terrifying way. A philosopher known as Sartre greatly influenced existentialism in thisShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The 19th Century1441 Words   |  6 PagesThe 19th century contributed to Europe’s history in the form of ideologies. In contrast to the 20th century, there were no wars or acts of violence used to support these ideologies; instead the forces of capitalism drove the history of the 19th century. By this notion, the last time Europe had experienced extreme forms of violence was during the French Revolution, therefore the decades before the 20th century were relatively peaceful. In the summer of 1914, Europe crossed the point of no return withRead MoreHumanity: A Moral History of the 20th Century by Jonathan Glover1325 Words   |  6 PagesAs most people would agree, the 20th century contained some of the bloodiest and most gruesome events ever recorded in history. Why do words such as Hiroshima, Rwanda, The Final Solution, A Great Leap Forward, The Great Purge and so many more sp ark such vivid images of blood, torture and murder in our minds? And despite those horrific images, what is it that causes us humans time and time again to commit such crimes against humanity? Those are the kinds of questions Jonathan Glover, a criticallyRead MoreDeath Of The 19th Century947 Words   |  4 Pages1850 in the north of Melbourne, housed Victoria’s most infamous criminals, which included; Russell Street Bomber Craig Minogue, 1920’s gangster Squizzy Taylor, Hoddle Street gunman Julian Knight and Mark ‘Chopper’ Reid. 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Private Peacefull Free Essays

This is a book review on the book â€Å"private peaceful. † This is the best book I have read this year. This book is all about â€Å"innocence and love, courage and cowardice† as it is clearly written on the front of the cover of the book. We will write a custom essay sample on Private Peacefull or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is a book about two brothers called Charlie who is the older brother and Tommo who is the smaller brother who go through the good side and the bad side of life because their father has died and other family issues.As they grow up they start to drift apart from each other because of a friend that they both love called molly who starts to gain love for to Charlie therefore leaving poor Charlie alone. Suddenly they have to go to war. So they pack their things say bye to their loved ones and go off to war†¦. †¦. The book ‘Private Peaceful’ written by Michael Morpurgo is a book that explores the life of Tommo through past and present throughout of his life. The reader is also introduced to Charlie the brother of Tommo and how they are different towards each other. The book is one that also explores the relationship that Charlie and Tommo have. This book tells you how someone is like as a child, and how they are when they are older. An example to me of this would be Charlie. Charlie as a child was completely different to Tommo. Charlie is a very independent person he stands up for what he believes in, basically he is brave. Charlie is responsible to look after Tommo because he is very sensitive and his small brother. Example of this is when Tommo is getting beat up by Jimmy Parsons, Charlie comes to help, in the end Charlie is the one who gets punished but he just accepts it because he is brave, ‘†¦when it’s Charlie’s turn, all you hear are the punches’p24.Charlie is a character that stands up for what he believes in and what he believes was right. It was this believing attitude that made Charlie a man and took him through life. Charlie and Tommo had a really tight relationship when they were young but as time when on it started to fade a little until towards the end of the book when Charlie knew he was going to be punished after his actions. Then it became pretty intense and their relationship that was once strong when they were young became even stronger than it had ever been.An example of this is before Charlie gets shot. â€Å"This is going to be difficult enough without tears. † He holds me an arm length away. ’pg176. The book ‘Private Peaceful’ is one that makes a change on the individual. It is a book that shows how a person is able to change throughout life over a distance of time. It is also a book that tell you how individuals can stay the same, the things learnt in childhood, is able to be carried on into adult life. Tommo and Charlie are examples of this.The author is also trying to make the reader how one mistake can change a relationship so quickly and the change it can have on somebody. The book makes people realise that even though there is often change, it is really about the keeping the relationships with the people you love and using your past to change your future. In conclusion I think that this book is a fantastic book and a very emotional book and maybe a life changing book, for some individuals. For example it tells you to keep your relations tight with the ones you love, and also learn from your mistakes in the past. By Kaiser Saeed How to cite Private Peacefull, Papers

Brain Development and Cognitive Learning †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Brain Development and Cognitive Learning. Answer: Introduction: The core notion of cognitive learning is to develop the skill and ability to resolve issues of an individual. While maintaining the entire process of learning every individual teacher should use the technique of pedagogy with the help of which both the learner and the facilitator can equally participate in the learning process. The primary objective of an efficient teacher is to make every individual student understand about the significance of learning. As a result, they would be able to develop their mental skill and ability always. This particular study has provided detailed analysis on how interactive use of learning process with the help of pedagogy can be effective in enhancing the brain of an individual learner. Cognitive development and learning: Since birth, a child has the ability to acquire knowledge through various forms of learning. The process of learning can be statistical or by analogy or casually but they never fail to gain the knowledge. Their process of learning includes sound recognition, language acquisition and the visual learning through identifying things (Kolb, 2014). The learning process of the young children is a process that undergoes social mediation and involvement of family, peer, teachers and even from the career objectives. Therefore, environment plays a vital role in developing cognitive learning among the young children. An eight-year-old child requires social interaction along with a learning environment to help them enhance the learning skill. Research proved that the cognitive development and interest of learning in a child grows from the multi-sensory networks that grow in the childs brain (Renninger, Hidi Krapp, 2014). The brain of a child is the same as that of an adult brain and they too hav e the ability to think and have reason for it but children lack experience and through years they continue developing their learning and thinking power. To develop their internal skill, the school can be of great help. This is because when a child enters the classroom they enter a room that offers them diverse experience and slowly helps them increase their self-skills. A child has an ability to construct meaning of things in their minds. They observe their parents and other family members to get the idea of how to behave according to situation. This is often marked as negative activity as there are many things that an adult does, which is not acceptable from the children. Therefore, parents must carefully judge the process of learning of the children, especially the process of cognitive development. The imagination of the children is very important step towards the cognitive development. The genetic difference among the children also influences the process of cognitive development (Kail, 2015). At home, the child should be praised for their performance and similarly in the schools the teachers must praise them so that the child has interest in learning. The motivation and encouragement will help the child to get more interest and in this manner, their cognitive development will grow. A child when it is born needs the guidance of the parents, after few years along with parents, teachers and peers also involve in their learning process. Cognitive development of child uncovers the link between the brain development and learning of a child. Components and theories of cognition and brain development related to childhood learning: The process of child development is normally divided into three parts; physical development, cognitive development and the social-emotional development. Language is a part of cognitive development among the children. Their cognitive development enhances as they grow up. Jean Piaget has proposed a theory establishing the stages of cognitive development of the children (Demetriou, Shayer Efklides, 2016). The four stages deploy different ages of the child. The first stage as proposed by Piaget is the sensorimotor stage. This stage starts from a childs birth and ends at the age of two. This stage develops the learning skill of the child through sensing and identifying objects. The second stage is the preoperational stage that covers the age of two to seven, a five years span and the child in this stage develops their ability of imagining things and understanding the meaning of symbols. The third one is the concrete operational stage, this consists of a four-year span from age of seven t o age of eleven, in this stage the child develops their ability to identify the external events and feel for others. This stage makes them less egocentric and develops a personality among them. The fourth and the last stage is the formal operational stage that starts from the age of eleven. This stage enhances the logical perspective of the students and they start planning for their future goals and life (Light Butterworth, 2016). There is another model that can be discussed to learn about the cognition and brain development of the child. The model is The Information Processing Model. This model states that the from the age of two until the age of five, a child enhances their attention skills and undergoes short and long time memory enhancement. This model even discusses that during the age of five to seven, a child gains their control over attitude and enhances their problem solving skills, making consideration of logical reasoning. Cognitive development has direct connection with the brain and has a large role to play in the development of learning process of the children. Cognitive skills of the children are the skills that their brain uses for thinking, learning and solving problems. The cognitive skills help the students in determining their IQ. Cognitive training is conducted for the children who have low cognitive skills and this training makes them adequate to acquire the learning and cognitive skills. Training the brain of child challenges the mental process of the children and helps them to improve their cognitive skills (Mischel, 2013). Impact of Inter-related factors on cognitive development of young children: Many factors affect the cognitive development of a child. The factors are influence of nutrition, influence of deficiency, influence of environment, influence of the role of parents (Grandjean Landrigan, 2014). For a childs growth, nutrition is an important factor. As without proper nutrition, a child will fail to have the adequate growth of brain. Many countries face the trouble of malnutrition among the children. This affects the growth of the child. That is why this is an important factor that enhances the growth of the child. Another step towards Cognitive development is the influence of the environment. For the growth of a child, the role of environment is inconsiderable; this is because a child grows with observing of the environment. When a child observes something negative, they apply it in their life, which result in growing of negative attitudes. Here the role of the parents is very important, every parent must have the knowledge about how and what their child is learning so that they can control the negative force from reaching to the child (Hair et al., 2015). A child always needs the guidance of their parents so that they are able to develop their cognitive skills. Next to influence, the cognitive development of a child is the role of the teachers in the schools. The children at school need the guidance of the teachers in order to develop their cognitive skills. Looking after every kid is tough and that is why teacher believe in setting the environment of the class with many experience so that the students can learn and develop their IQ as well. Children have faster capability of identifying things and getting hold of things and that is why the teachers, parents, peers and other family members need to practise the positive attitude in front of the children and help them develop their skills (Bjorklund Causey, 2017). Importance of pedagogy in brain development and cognitive learning: The overarching term pedagogy defines an instructional technique of teaching, influencing and motivating an individual for enhancing social, cultural and political values (Koehler, Mishra Cain, 2013). It is the interactive process between the teacher and the learner for making an effective learning development. On the other hand, the underlining concept cognitive learning involves with the acquisition of problem solving abilities with the help of intelligence as well as conscious thoughts and attitudes. This specific study has provided an in-depth overview on how pedagogy is having a major impact in the brain development of an individual young learner. Numerous eminent scholars have provided their own opinion regarding this specific issue. As per the point of view of Anderson and Dron (2012), an individual teacher while maintaining a learning process has to deal with the students of different geographical backgrounds as well as psychological attitudes. Therefore, the role of a respo nsible teacher is to make an effective conversation with every individual learner. If the teachers intend to use direct approach while maintaining learning and evaluation technique students belonging to different geographical areas may have to face innumerable difficulties in understanding the lecture of that individual. Therefore, the entire communication process does not become effective. However, in order to overcome this kind of situation, the teachers intend to use interactive approach with the help of which the students take a major part in sharing their views. As per the opinion of Lewis, Jones and Baker (2012), applying direct method in the overall learning process is not sufficient in developing the brain and mental ability of students. In order to develop the mental ability teachers would have to interact with every individual in order to identify their lack of understanding. As a result, based on that particular identified areas teacher can implement learning and development session. Like the same way cognitive learning believes that, students would be able to resolve their problems as well as issues by applying their mental thought and abilities. Butler and Markman (2012) argued that the mental through and ability of an individual would be enhanced only when this specific individual would like to apply brain and share thoughts with the facilitators. In many cases, it has been observed that students do not like to resolve their issues, as they are not flexible enough in sharing their thoughts (Twardosz, 2012). As a result, they do not get the scope of developing their mental ability. Therefore, pedagogy is the systematic technique that has been used for developing the brain of learners by applying interactive approach. Range of interrelated factors that has impact on the cognitive development and early childhood: Self-awareness: Every child after its birth starts to sense things and continues the same while growing. After the age of two they eventually starts to have a sense of self-awareness and this is understood when they respond to their childhood picture of see them at the mirror. Self-management: Self-management in a child is present since their birth because it is always known that a child has sensing ability more than an adult and that is why they can sense things before an adult does (Salthouse, 2016) Social awareness: Social awareness is very important for cognitive development of a child. Brain is a subject that needs all time consideration in the recent years of a child. As a child grows, there is a constant change in the brains of child and this impact on their behaviour and thus it is very important to have social awareness in the development of child (Salthouse, 2016). Relationship skills: Relationships influence largely on a childs cognitive development because relations reflects the values and believes of an individuals life, when the child fails to understand it they turn into an adult with negative vibe towards relationship (Cook et al 2017). Responsible decision-making: For making a child turn into a responsible adult it is very important to make then learn about what decision making skill actually is and how it helps in life. Without having knowledge about importance of responsibility and effective decision-making, life will be miserable to dwell with and the child will have problem (Cook et al 2017). Conclusion: The entire study has provided an in-depth overview about the importance of cognitive learning, brain development of an individual and using pedagogy technique. Numerous scholars have provided their own opinion regarding this specific topic. This particular study has focused to highlight on how the overall technique of pedagogy system is effective enough in developing the conscious thoughts and mental ability of an individual. People belonging to different geographical boundaries would be able to flexible in using their brain only when the teachers would like to use interactive approach at the time of learning session. References: Anderson, T., Dron, J. (2012). Learning technology through three generations of technology enhanced distance education pedagogy.European Journal of Open, Distance and e learning,15(2). Bjorklund, D. F., Causey, K. B. (2017).Children's thinking: Cognitive development and individual differences. SAGE Publications. Butler, L. P., Markman, E. M. (2012). Preschoolers use intentional and pedagogical cues to guide inductive inferences and exploration.Child development,83(4), 1416-1428. Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, C., Blaustein, M., Cloitre, M., ... Mallah, K. (2017). Complex trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatric annals, 35(5), 390-398. Demetriou, A., Shayer, M., Efklides, A. (Eds.). (2016).Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development: Implications and applications for education. Routledge. Grandjean, P., Landrigan, P. J. (2014). Neurobehavioral effects of developmental toxicity.The Lancet Neurology,13(3), 330-338. Hair, N. L., Hanson, J. L., Wolfe, B. L., Pollak, S. D. (2015). Association of child poverty, brain development, and academic achievement.JAMA pediatrics,169(9), 822-829. Kail, R. V. (2015).Children and their development. Pearson Higher Ed. Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., Cain, W. (2013). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)?Journal of Education, 13-19. Kolb, D. A. (2014).Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT press. Lewis, G., Jones, B., Baker, C. (2012). Trans languaging: Origins and development from school to street and beyond.Educational Research and Evaluation,18(7), 641-654. Light, P., Butterworth, G. (Eds.). (2016).Context and cognition: Ways of learning and knowing. Routledge. Mischel, T. (Ed.). (2013).Cognitive development and epistemology. Academic Press. Renninger, A., Hidi, S., Krapp, A. (Eds.). (2014).the role of interest in learning and development. Psychology Press. Salthouse, T. A. (2016). Theoretical perspectives on cognitive aging. Psychology Press. Twardosz, S. (2012). Effects of experience on the brain: The role of neuroscience in early development and education.Early Education Development,23(1), 96-119.